Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE
The recently renewed focus on the human exploration of outer space has boosted the interest toward a variety of questions regarding health of astronauts and cosmonauts. Among the others, sleep has traditionally been considered a central issue. To extend the research chances, human sleep alterations...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:33bf0e8b112c486f922fbdb9a2b9f0f3 2023-05-15T14:06:38+02:00 Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE Pierpaolo Zivi Luigi De Gennaro Fabio Ferlazzo 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 https://doaj.org/article/33bf0e8b112c486f922fbdb9a2b9f0f3 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851/full https://doaj.org/toc/1662-453X 1662-453X doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 https://doaj.org/article/33bf0e8b112c486f922fbdb9a2b9f0f3 Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 14 (2020) sleep ICE circadian rhythms stress polar environments hypoxia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 2022-12-31T11:32:44Z The recently renewed focus on the human exploration of outer space has boosted the interest toward a variety of questions regarding health of astronauts and cosmonauts. Among the others, sleep has traditionally been considered a central issue. To extend the research chances, human sleep alterations have been investigated in several analog environments, called ICEs (Isolated, Confined, and Extreme). ICEs share different features with the spaceflight itself and have been implemented in natural facilities and artificial simulations. The current paper presents a systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in ICEs. We looked for evidence from studies run in polar settings (mostly Antarctica) during space missions, Head-Down Bed-Rest protocols, simulations, and in a few ICE-resembling settings such as caves and submarines. Even though research has shown that sleep can be widely affected in ICEs, mostly evidencing general and non-specific changes in REM and SWS sleep, results show a very blurred picture, often with contradictory findings. The variable coexistence of the many factors characterizing the ICE environments (such as isolation and confinement, microgravity, circadian disentrainment, hypoxia, noise levels, and radiations) does not provide a clear indication of what role is played by each factor per se or in association one with each other in determining the pattern observed, and how. Most importantly, a number of methodological limitations contribute immensely to the unclear pattern of results reported in the literature. Among them, small sample sizes, small effect sizes, and large variability among experimental conditions, protocols, and measurements make it difficult to draw hints about whether sleep alterations in ICEs do exist due to the specific environmental characteristics, and which of them plays a major role. More systematic and cross-settings research is needed to address the mechanisms underlying the sleep alterations in ICE environments and possibly develop appropriate ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Neuroscience 14 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
sleep ICE circadian rhythms stress polar environments hypoxia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
spellingShingle |
sleep ICE circadian rhythms stress polar environments hypoxia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Pierpaolo Zivi Luigi De Gennaro Fabio Ferlazzo Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
topic_facet |
sleep ICE circadian rhythms stress polar environments hypoxia Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 |
description |
The recently renewed focus on the human exploration of outer space has boosted the interest toward a variety of questions regarding health of astronauts and cosmonauts. Among the others, sleep has traditionally been considered a central issue. To extend the research chances, human sleep alterations have been investigated in several analog environments, called ICEs (Isolated, Confined, and Extreme). ICEs share different features with the spaceflight itself and have been implemented in natural facilities and artificial simulations. The current paper presents a systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in ICEs. We looked for evidence from studies run in polar settings (mostly Antarctica) during space missions, Head-Down Bed-Rest protocols, simulations, and in a few ICE-resembling settings such as caves and submarines. Even though research has shown that sleep can be widely affected in ICEs, mostly evidencing general and non-specific changes in REM and SWS sleep, results show a very blurred picture, often with contradictory findings. The variable coexistence of the many factors characterizing the ICE environments (such as isolation and confinement, microgravity, circadian disentrainment, hypoxia, noise levels, and radiations) does not provide a clear indication of what role is played by each factor per se or in association one with each other in determining the pattern observed, and how. Most importantly, a number of methodological limitations contribute immensely to the unclear pattern of results reported in the literature. Among them, small sample sizes, small effect sizes, and large variability among experimental conditions, protocols, and measurements make it difficult to draw hints about whether sleep alterations in ICEs do exist due to the specific environmental characteristics, and which of them plays a major role. More systematic and cross-settings research is needed to address the mechanisms underlying the sleep alterations in ICE environments and possibly develop appropriate ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pierpaolo Zivi Luigi De Gennaro Fabio Ferlazzo |
author_facet |
Pierpaolo Zivi Luigi De Gennaro Fabio Ferlazzo |
author_sort |
Pierpaolo Zivi |
title |
Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
title_short |
Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
title_full |
Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
title_fullStr |
Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE |
title_sort |
sleep in isolated, confined, and extreme (ice): a review on the different factors affecting human sleep in ice |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 https://doaj.org/article/33bf0e8b112c486f922fbdb9a2b9f0f3 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 14 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851/full https://doaj.org/toc/1662-453X 1662-453X doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 https://doaj.org/article/33bf0e8b112c486f922fbdb9a2b9f0f3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00851 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Neuroscience |
container_volume |
14 |
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1766278621833461760 |