Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean
In situ airborne observations of cloud microphysics, aerosol properties, and thermodynamic structure over the transition from sea ice to ocean are presented from the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign. A case study from 23 March 2013 provides a unique vi...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 https://doaj.org/article/33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 2023-05-15T15:02:16+02:00 Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean G. Young H. M. Jones T. W. Choularton J. Crosier K. N. Bower M. W. Gallagher R. S. Davies I. A. Renfrew A. D. Elvidge E. Darbyshire F. Marenco P. R. A. Brown H. M. A. Ricketts P. J. Connolly G. Lloyd P. I. Williams J. D. Allan J. W. Taylor D. Liu M. J. Flynn 2016-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 https://doaj.org/article/33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/13945/2016/acp-16-13945-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 13945-13967 (2016) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 2022-12-31T10:53:29Z In situ airborne observations of cloud microphysics, aerosol properties, and thermodynamic structure over the transition from sea ice to ocean are presented from the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign. A case study from 23 March 2013 provides a unique view of the cloud microphysical changes over this transition under cold-air outbreak conditions. Cloud base lifted and cloud depth increased over the transition from sea ice to ocean. Mean droplet number concentrations, N drop , also increased from 110 ± 36 cm −3 over the sea ice to 145 ± 54 cm −3 over the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Downstream over the ocean, N drop decreased to 63 ± 30 cm −3 . This reduction was attributed to enhanced collision-coalescence of droplets within the deep ocean cloud layer. The liquid water content increased almost four fold over the transition and this, in conjunction with the deeper cloud layer, allowed rimed snowflakes to develop and precipitate out of cloud base downstream over the ocean. The ice properties of the cloud remained approximately constant over the transition. Observed ice crystal number concentrations averaged approximately 0.5–1.5 L −1 , suggesting only primary ice nucleation was active; however, there was evidence of crystal fragmentation at cloud base over the ocean. Little variation in aerosol particle number concentrations was observed between the different surface conditions; however, some variability with altitude was observed, with notably greater concentrations measured at higher altitudes ( > 800 m) over the sea ice. Near-surface boundary layer temperatures increased by 13 °C from sea ice to ocean, with corresponding increases in surface heat fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy. These significant thermodynamic changes were concluded to be the primary driver of the microphysical evolution of the cloud. This study represents the first investigation, using in situ airborne observations, of cloud microphysical changes with changing sea ice cover and addresses the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 21 13945 13967 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 G. Young H. M. Jones T. W. Choularton J. Crosier K. N. Bower M. W. Gallagher R. S. Davies I. A. Renfrew A. D. Elvidge E. Darbyshire F. Marenco P. R. A. Brown H. M. A. Ricketts P. J. Connolly G. Lloyd P. I. Williams J. D. Allan J. W. Taylor D. Liu M. J. Flynn Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
In situ airborne observations of cloud microphysics, aerosol properties, and thermodynamic structure over the transition from sea ice to ocean are presented from the Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions in the Arctic (ACCACIA) campaign. A case study from 23 March 2013 provides a unique view of the cloud microphysical changes over this transition under cold-air outbreak conditions. Cloud base lifted and cloud depth increased over the transition from sea ice to ocean. Mean droplet number concentrations, N drop , also increased from 110 ± 36 cm −3 over the sea ice to 145 ± 54 cm −3 over the marginal ice zone (MIZ). Downstream over the ocean, N drop decreased to 63 ± 30 cm −3 . This reduction was attributed to enhanced collision-coalescence of droplets within the deep ocean cloud layer. The liquid water content increased almost four fold over the transition and this, in conjunction with the deeper cloud layer, allowed rimed snowflakes to develop and precipitate out of cloud base downstream over the ocean. The ice properties of the cloud remained approximately constant over the transition. Observed ice crystal number concentrations averaged approximately 0.5–1.5 L −1 , suggesting only primary ice nucleation was active; however, there was evidence of crystal fragmentation at cloud base over the ocean. Little variation in aerosol particle number concentrations was observed between the different surface conditions; however, some variability with altitude was observed, with notably greater concentrations measured at higher altitudes ( > 800 m) over the sea ice. Near-surface boundary layer temperatures increased by 13 °C from sea ice to ocean, with corresponding increases in surface heat fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy. These significant thermodynamic changes were concluded to be the primary driver of the microphysical evolution of the cloud. This study represents the first investigation, using in situ airborne observations, of cloud microphysical changes with changing sea ice cover and addresses the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
G. Young H. M. Jones T. W. Choularton J. Crosier K. N. Bower M. W. Gallagher R. S. Davies I. A. Renfrew A. D. Elvidge E. Darbyshire F. Marenco P. R. A. Brown H. M. A. Ricketts P. J. Connolly G. Lloyd P. I. Williams J. D. Allan J. W. Taylor D. Liu M. J. Flynn |
author_facet |
G. Young H. M. Jones T. W. Choularton J. Crosier K. N. Bower M. W. Gallagher R. S. Davies I. A. Renfrew A. D. Elvidge E. Darbyshire F. Marenco P. R. A. Brown H. M. A. Ricketts P. J. Connolly G. Lloyd P. I. Williams J. D. Allan J. W. Taylor D. Liu M. J. Flynn |
author_sort |
G. Young |
title |
Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
title_short |
Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
title_full |
Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
title_fullStr |
Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Observed microphysical changes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
title_sort |
observed microphysical changes in arctic mixed-phase clouds when transitioning from sea ice to open ocean |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 https://doaj.org/article/33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 16, Pp 13945-13967 (2016) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/13945/2016/acp-16-13945-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/33341c115ebc4f7e84e43a81b0756b69 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13945-2016 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
21 |
container_start_page |
13945 |
op_container_end_page |
13967 |
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1766334236267118592 |