Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan.
Background Leptospirosis, a zoonosis caused by species in the spirochete genus Leptospira, is endemic to the Yaeyama region in Okinawa, subtropical Japan. Species of the P1 subclade "virulent" group, within the genus Leptospira, are the main etiological agents of leptospirosis in Okinawa....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:33048f5a476e4d809738c0999d4308a5 2023-05-15T15:15:36+02:00 Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. Yukuto Sato Idam Hermawan Tetsuya Kakita Sho Okano Hideyuki Imai Hiroto Nagai Ryosuke Kimura Tetsu Yamashiro Tadashi Kajita Claudia Toma 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/article/33048f5a476e4d809738c0999d4308a5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/article/33048f5a476e4d809738c0999d4308a5 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0010234 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 2022-12-30T21:41:39Z Background Leptospirosis, a zoonosis caused by species in the spirochete genus Leptospira, is endemic to the Yaeyama region in Okinawa, subtropical Japan. Species of the P1 subclade "virulent" group, within the genus Leptospira, are the main etiological agents of leptospirosis in Okinawa. However, their environmental persistence is poorly understood. This study used a combination of bacterial isolation and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding methods to understand the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in this endemic region. Findings Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) characterized twelve human clinical L. interrogans isolates belonging to the P1 subclade "virulent" subgroup and 11 environmental soil isolates of the P1subclade "low virulent" subgroup (genetically related to L. kmetyi, n = 1; L. alstonii, n = 4; L. barantonii, n = 6) from the Yaeyama region targeting four virulence-related genes (lipL32, ligA, ligB and lpxD1). Clinical isolates were PCR positive for at least three targeted genes, while all environmental isolates were positive only for lipL32. Analysis of infected renal epithelial cells with selected clinical and environmental strains, revealed the disassembly of cell-cell junctions for the Hebdomadis clinical strain serogroup. Comparison of leptospiral eDNA during winter and summer identified operational taxonomic units corresponding to the species isolated from soil samples (L. kmetyi and L. barantonii) and additional P2 subclade species (L. licerasiae, L. wolffii-related, among others) that were not detected by soil cultivation. Total Leptospira read counts were higher in summer than in winter and the analysis of leptospiral/animal eDNA relationship suggested Rattus spp. as a potential reservoir animal. Conclusion Our study demonstrated high environmental Leptospira diversity in the Yaeyama region, particularly during summer, when most of the leptospirosis cases are reported. In addition, several Leptospira species with pathogenic potential were identified that have not yet been reported in ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16 3 e0010234 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Yukuto Sato Idam Hermawan Tetsuya Kakita Sho Okano Hideyuki Imai Hiroto Nagai Ryosuke Kimura Tetsu Yamashiro Tadashi Kajita Claudia Toma Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Leptospirosis, a zoonosis caused by species in the spirochete genus Leptospira, is endemic to the Yaeyama region in Okinawa, subtropical Japan. Species of the P1 subclade "virulent" group, within the genus Leptospira, are the main etiological agents of leptospirosis in Okinawa. However, their environmental persistence is poorly understood. This study used a combination of bacterial isolation and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding methods to understand the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in this endemic region. Findings Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) characterized twelve human clinical L. interrogans isolates belonging to the P1 subclade "virulent" subgroup and 11 environmental soil isolates of the P1subclade "low virulent" subgroup (genetically related to L. kmetyi, n = 1; L. alstonii, n = 4; L. barantonii, n = 6) from the Yaeyama region targeting four virulence-related genes (lipL32, ligA, ligB and lpxD1). Clinical isolates were PCR positive for at least three targeted genes, while all environmental isolates were positive only for lipL32. Analysis of infected renal epithelial cells with selected clinical and environmental strains, revealed the disassembly of cell-cell junctions for the Hebdomadis clinical strain serogroup. Comparison of leptospiral eDNA during winter and summer identified operational taxonomic units corresponding to the species isolated from soil samples (L. kmetyi and L. barantonii) and additional P2 subclade species (L. licerasiae, L. wolffii-related, among others) that were not detected by soil cultivation. Total Leptospira read counts were higher in summer than in winter and the analysis of leptospiral/animal eDNA relationship suggested Rattus spp. as a potential reservoir animal. Conclusion Our study demonstrated high environmental Leptospira diversity in the Yaeyama region, particularly during summer, when most of the leptospirosis cases are reported. In addition, several Leptospira species with pathogenic potential were identified that have not yet been reported in ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yukuto Sato Idam Hermawan Tetsuya Kakita Sho Okano Hideyuki Imai Hiroto Nagai Ryosuke Kimura Tetsu Yamashiro Tadashi Kajita Claudia Toma |
author_facet |
Yukuto Sato Idam Hermawan Tetsuya Kakita Sho Okano Hideyuki Imai Hiroto Nagai Ryosuke Kimura Tetsu Yamashiro Tadashi Kajita Claudia Toma |
author_sort |
Yukuto Sato |
title |
Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
title_short |
Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
title_full |
Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of human clinical and environmental Leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in Yaeyama, subtropical Japan. |
title_sort |
analysis of human clinical and environmental leptospira to elucidate the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis in yaeyama, subtropical japan. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/article/33048f5a476e4d809738c0999d4308a5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0010234 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 https://doaj.org/article/33048f5a476e4d809738c0999d4308a5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010234 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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16 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
e0010234 |
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1766345971290079232 |