Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements
Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming, yet sources of Arctic BC and their geographic contributions remain uncertain. We interpret a series of recent airborne (NETCARE 2015; PAMARCMiP 2009 and 2011 campaigns) and ground-based measurements (at Alert, Barrow and Ny-Ålesund) from multiple meth...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:32caa5605912440aa358cde521d8afc5 2023-05-15T14:34:12+02:00 Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements J.-W. Xu R. V. Martin A. Morrow S. Sharma L. Huang W. R. Leaitch J. Burkart H. Schulz M. Zanatta M. D. Willis D. K. Henze C. J. Lee A. B. Herber J. P. D. Abbatt 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 https://doaj.org/article/32caa5605912440aa358cde521d8afc5 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11971/2017/acp-17-11971-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/32caa5605912440aa358cde521d8afc5 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 11971-11989 (2017) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 2022-12-31T15:05:21Z Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming, yet sources of Arctic BC and their geographic contributions remain uncertain. We interpret a series of recent airborne (NETCARE 2015; PAMARCMiP 2009 and 2011 campaigns) and ground-based measurements (at Alert, Barrow and Ny-Ålesund) from multiple methods (thermal, laser incandescence and light absorption) with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint to attribute the sources of Arctic BC. This is the first comparison with a chemical transport model of refractory BC (rBC) measurements at Alert. The springtime airborne measurements performed by the NETCARE campaign in 2015 and the PAMARCMiP campaigns in 2009 and 2011 offer BC vertical profiles extending to above 6 km across the Arctic and include profiles above Arctic ground monitoring stations. Our simulations with the addition of seasonally varying domestic heating and of gas flaring emissions are consistent with ground-based measurements of BC concentrations at Alert and Barrow in winter and spring (rRMSE < 13 %) and with airborne measurements of the BC vertical profile across the Arctic (rRMSE = 17 %) except for an underestimation in the middle troposphere (500–700 hPa). Sensitivity simulations suggest that anthropogenic emissions in eastern and southern Asia have the largest effect on the Arctic BC column burden both in spring (56 %) and annually (37 %), with the largest contribution in the middle troposphere (400–700 hPa). Anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia contribute considerable BC (27 % in spring and 43 % annually) to the lower troposphere (below 900 hPa). Biomass burning contributes 20 % to the Arctic BC column annually. At the Arctic surface, anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia (40–45 %) and eastern and southern Asia (20–40 %) are the largest BC contributors in winter and spring, followed by Europe (16–36 %). Biomass burning from North America is the most important contributor to all stations in summer, especially at Barrow. Our adjoint simulations indicate ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic black carbon Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Ny-Ålesund Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 19 11971 11989 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 J.-W. Xu R. V. Martin A. Morrow S. Sharma L. Huang W. R. Leaitch J. Burkart H. Schulz M. Zanatta M. D. Willis D. K. Henze C. J. Lee A. B. Herber J. P. D. Abbatt Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic warming, yet sources of Arctic BC and their geographic contributions remain uncertain. We interpret a series of recent airborne (NETCARE 2015; PAMARCMiP 2009 and 2011 campaigns) and ground-based measurements (at Alert, Barrow and Ny-Ålesund) from multiple methods (thermal, laser incandescence and light absorption) with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint to attribute the sources of Arctic BC. This is the first comparison with a chemical transport model of refractory BC (rBC) measurements at Alert. The springtime airborne measurements performed by the NETCARE campaign in 2015 and the PAMARCMiP campaigns in 2009 and 2011 offer BC vertical profiles extending to above 6 km across the Arctic and include profiles above Arctic ground monitoring stations. Our simulations with the addition of seasonally varying domestic heating and of gas flaring emissions are consistent with ground-based measurements of BC concentrations at Alert and Barrow in winter and spring (rRMSE < 13 %) and with airborne measurements of the BC vertical profile across the Arctic (rRMSE = 17 %) except for an underestimation in the middle troposphere (500–700 hPa). Sensitivity simulations suggest that anthropogenic emissions in eastern and southern Asia have the largest effect on the Arctic BC column burden both in spring (56 %) and annually (37 %), with the largest contribution in the middle troposphere (400–700 hPa). Anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia contribute considerable BC (27 % in spring and 43 % annually) to the lower troposphere (below 900 hPa). Biomass burning contributes 20 % to the Arctic BC column annually. At the Arctic surface, anthropogenic emissions from northern Asia (40–45 %) and eastern and southern Asia (20–40 %) are the largest BC contributors in winter and spring, followed by Europe (16–36 %). Biomass burning from North America is the most important contributor to all stations in summer, especially at Barrow. Our adjoint simulations indicate ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J.-W. Xu R. V. Martin A. Morrow S. Sharma L. Huang W. R. Leaitch J. Burkart H. Schulz M. Zanatta M. D. Willis D. K. Henze C. J. Lee A. B. Herber J. P. D. Abbatt |
author_facet |
J.-W. Xu R. V. Martin A. Morrow S. Sharma L. Huang W. R. Leaitch J. Burkart H. Schulz M. Zanatta M. D. Willis D. K. Henze C. J. Lee A. B. Herber J. P. D. Abbatt |
author_sort |
J.-W. Xu |
title |
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
title_short |
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
title_full |
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
title_fullStr |
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source attribution of Arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
title_sort |
source attribution of arctic black carbon constrained by aircraft and surface measurements |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 https://doaj.org/article/32caa5605912440aa358cde521d8afc5 |
geographic |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ny-Ålesund |
genre |
Arctic black carbon Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 11971-11989 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11971/2017/acp-17-11971-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/32caa5605912440aa358cde521d8afc5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11971-2017 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
11971 |
op_container_end_page |
11989 |
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1766307294741528576 |