The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance
A wide range of materials including mineral dust, soil dust, and bioaerosols have been shown to act as ice nuclei in the atmosphere. During atmospheric transport, these materials can become coated with inorganic and organic solutes which may impact their ability to nucleate ice. While a number of st...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 https://doaj.org/article/3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 2023-05-15T18:18:58+02:00 The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance S. E. Worthy A. Kumar Y. Xi J. Yun J. Chen C. Xu V. E. Irish P. Amato A. K. Bertram 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 https://doaj.org/article/3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14631/2021/acp-21-14631-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 14631-14648 (2021) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 2022-12-31T12:52:50Z A wide range of materials including mineral dust, soil dust, and bioaerosols have been shown to act as ice nuclei in the atmosphere. During atmospheric transport, these materials can become coated with inorganic and organic solutes which may impact their ability to nucleate ice. While a number of studies have investigated the impact of solutes at low concentrations on ice nucleation by mineral dusts, very few studies have examined their impact on non-mineral dust ice nuclei. We studied the effect of dilute (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solutions (0.05 M) on immersion freezing of a variety of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) including bacteria, fungi, sea ice diatom exudates, sea surface microlayer substances, and humic substances using the droplet-freezing technique. We also studied the effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solutions (0.05 M) on the immersion freezing of several types of mineral dust particles for comparison purposes. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature ( Δ T 50 ) of 9 of the 10 non-mineral dust materials tested. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in Δ T 50 ( − 0.43 ± 0.19 ∘ C) for the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 compared to pure water. Conversely, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 increased the median freezing temperature of four different mineral dusts (potassium-rich feldspar, Arizona Test Dust, kaolinite, montmorillonite) by 3 to 9 ∘ C and increased the ice nucleation active site density per gram of material ( n m ( T )) by a factor of ∼ 10 to ∼ 30. This significant difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances when exposed to (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 via different mechanisms. This difference suggests that the relative importance of mineral dust to non-mineral dust particles for ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds could potentially increase as these particles become coated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the atmosphere. This difference also ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 19 14631 14648 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 S. E. Worthy A. Kumar Y. Xi J. Yun J. Chen C. Xu V. E. Irish P. Amato A. K. Bertram The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
A wide range of materials including mineral dust, soil dust, and bioaerosols have been shown to act as ice nuclei in the atmosphere. During atmospheric transport, these materials can become coated with inorganic and organic solutes which may impact their ability to nucleate ice. While a number of studies have investigated the impact of solutes at low concentrations on ice nucleation by mineral dusts, very few studies have examined their impact on non-mineral dust ice nuclei. We studied the effect of dilute (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solutions (0.05 M) on immersion freezing of a variety of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) including bacteria, fungi, sea ice diatom exudates, sea surface microlayer substances, and humic substances using the droplet-freezing technique. We also studied the effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 solutions (0.05 M) on the immersion freezing of several types of mineral dust particles for comparison purposes. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature ( Δ T 50 ) of 9 of the 10 non-mineral dust materials tested. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in Δ T 50 ( − 0.43 ± 0.19 ∘ C) for the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 compared to pure water. Conversely, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 increased the median freezing temperature of four different mineral dusts (potassium-rich feldspar, Arizona Test Dust, kaolinite, montmorillonite) by 3 to 9 ∘ C and increased the ice nucleation active site density per gram of material ( n m ( T )) by a factor of ∼ 10 to ∼ 30. This significant difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances when exposed to (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 via different mechanisms. This difference suggests that the relative importance of mineral dust to non-mineral dust particles for ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds could potentially increase as these particles become coated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the atmosphere. This difference also ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. E. Worthy A. Kumar Y. Xi J. Yun J. Chen C. Xu V. E. Irish P. Amato A. K. Bertram |
author_facet |
S. E. Worthy A. Kumar Y. Xi J. Yun J. Chen C. Xu V. E. Irish P. Amato A. K. Bertram |
author_sort |
S. E. Worthy |
title |
The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
title_short |
The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
title_full |
The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
title_fullStr |
The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
title_sort |
effect of (nh 4 ) 2 so 4 on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 https://doaj.org/article/3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 14631-14648 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14631/2021/acp-21-14631-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/3252e66cd8cf4a0aad2bde07ac494ad3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
14631 |
op_container_end_page |
14648 |
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1766195769539297280 |