Surveillance and Risk Assessment of Diarrhetic and Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in the Tangshan Shellfish Culture Areas of Bohai Sea, China

• Main Authors: Xuying ZHENG, Zhaoxin LI, Xiaojie SUN, Lihong XING, Mengting ZHANG, Panpan ZHU, Jiyao WANG, Wenqing SU
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Chinese
• Published: Science Press, PR China 2023
• Subjects: bohai sea; diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; paralytic shellfish poisoning; risk assessment; Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling; SH1-691; Crassostrea gigas
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20220504001; https://doaj.org/article/32018acd166b40eab2483aa89c1db477

Shellfish are filter feeders that can accumulate toxic algae and their related toxins, increasing risk when consumed. Shellfish toxins can directly affect the physiological activities of marine organisms and threaten the stability of marine ecosystems. Ultimately, these toxins pass through the food chain and can endanger human health and economic security. Globally, shellfish poisoning incidents have occurred in many countries. The Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed inland sea, where severe eutrophication of the seawater has occurred in recent years, leading to harmful algal blooms. To date, no simultaneous surveillance of diarrhetic shellfish poisonings (DSP) and paralytic shellfish poisonings (PSP) have been reported in the Tangshan shellfish culture area.To better understand shellfish toxin pollution in the shellfish culture areas of Tangshan and the dietary and health risks to residents, Mactra veneriformis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Rapana venosa, Crassostrea gigas, Cyclina sinensis, Meretrix meretrix, Mercenaria mercenaria, and Azumapecten farreri were collected for toxin monitoring from the Tangshan shellfish culture areas in Bohai Sea from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 34 samples were collected for each shellfish species. Each sample weighed approximately 3 kg. All samples were transported to the laboratory on ice. In the laboratory, samples were flushed with tap water to remove sand and silt and shucked to collect the soft tissue. The tissue was thoroughly homogenized with a household blender, and approximately 50 g of tissue from each sample was stored at –20 ℃ until required for analysis. Five DSP including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), and azaspiracid 1 (AZA1), and 14 PSP including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), gonyautoxin 1/4 (GTX1/4), gonyautoxin 2/3 (GTX2/3), decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), decarbamoylneosaxitoxin (dcNEO), decarbamoylgonyautoxin 2/3 (dcGTX2/3), gonyautoxin 5 (GTX5), gonyautoxin 6 (GTX6), and N-sulfocarbamoyl ...