A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod
Quantifying the spatial and temporal footprint of multiple environmental stressors on marine fisheries is imperative to understanding the effects of changing ocean conditions on living marine resources. Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), an important marine species in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem, h...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 https://doaj.org/article/311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 2023-05-15T17:51:56+02:00 A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod Josiah Blaisdell Hillary L. Thalmann Willem Klajbor Yue Zhang Jessica A. Miller Benjamin J. Laurel Maria T. Kavanaugh 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 https://doaj.org/article/311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 https://doaj.org/article/311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) stress-scapes Gulf of Alaska machine learning visualization Pacific cod multiple environmental stressors Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 2022-12-31T06:30:55Z Quantifying the spatial and temporal footprint of multiple environmental stressors on marine fisheries is imperative to understanding the effects of changing ocean conditions on living marine resources. Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), an important marine species in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem, has declined dramatically in recent years, likely in response to extreme environmental variability in the Gulf of Alaska related to anomalous marine heatwave conditions in 2014–2016 and 2019. Here, we evaluate the effects of two potential environmental stressors, temperature variability and ocean acidification, on the growth of juvenile Pacific Cod in the Gulf of Alaska using a novel machine-learning framework called “stress-scapes,” which applies the fundamentals of dynamic seascape classification to both environmental and biological data. Stress-scapes apply a probabilistic self-organizing map (prSOM) machine learning algorithm and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) analysis to produce distinct, dynamic patches of the ocean that share similar environmental variability and Pacific Cod growth characteristics, preserve the topology of the underlying data, and are robust to non-linear biological patterns. We then compare stress-scape output classes to Pacific Cod growth rates in the field using otolith increment analysis. Our work successfully resolved five dynamic stress-scapes in the coastal Gulf of Alaska ecosystem from 2010 to 2016. We utilized stress-scapes to compare conditions during the 2014–2016 marine heatwave to cooler years immediately prior and found that the stress-scapes captured distinct heatwave and non-heatwave classes, which highlighted high juvenile Pacific Cod growth and anomalous environmental conditions during heatwave conditions. Dominant stress-scapes underestimated juvenile Pacific Cod growth across all study years when compared to otolith-derived field growth rates, highlighting the potential for selective mortality or biological parameters currently missing in the stress-scape model ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Alaska Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Gulf of Alaska Pacific Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
stress-scapes Gulf of Alaska machine learning visualization Pacific cod multiple environmental stressors Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
stress-scapes Gulf of Alaska machine learning visualization Pacific cod multiple environmental stressors Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Josiah Blaisdell Hillary L. Thalmann Willem Klajbor Yue Zhang Jessica A. Miller Benjamin J. Laurel Maria T. Kavanaugh A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
topic_facet |
stress-scapes Gulf of Alaska machine learning visualization Pacific cod multiple environmental stressors Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Quantifying the spatial and temporal footprint of multiple environmental stressors on marine fisheries is imperative to understanding the effects of changing ocean conditions on living marine resources. Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus), an important marine species in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem, has declined dramatically in recent years, likely in response to extreme environmental variability in the Gulf of Alaska related to anomalous marine heatwave conditions in 2014–2016 and 2019. Here, we evaluate the effects of two potential environmental stressors, temperature variability and ocean acidification, on the growth of juvenile Pacific Cod in the Gulf of Alaska using a novel machine-learning framework called “stress-scapes,” which applies the fundamentals of dynamic seascape classification to both environmental and biological data. Stress-scapes apply a probabilistic self-organizing map (prSOM) machine learning algorithm and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) analysis to produce distinct, dynamic patches of the ocean that share similar environmental variability and Pacific Cod growth characteristics, preserve the topology of the underlying data, and are robust to non-linear biological patterns. We then compare stress-scape output classes to Pacific Cod growth rates in the field using otolith increment analysis. Our work successfully resolved five dynamic stress-scapes in the coastal Gulf of Alaska ecosystem from 2010 to 2016. We utilized stress-scapes to compare conditions during the 2014–2016 marine heatwave to cooler years immediately prior and found that the stress-scapes captured distinct heatwave and non-heatwave classes, which highlighted high juvenile Pacific Cod growth and anomalous environmental conditions during heatwave conditions. Dominant stress-scapes underestimated juvenile Pacific Cod growth across all study years when compared to otolith-derived field growth rates, highlighting the potential for selective mortality or biological parameters currently missing in the stress-scape model ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Josiah Blaisdell Hillary L. Thalmann Willem Klajbor Yue Zhang Jessica A. Miller Benjamin J. Laurel Maria T. Kavanaugh |
author_facet |
Josiah Blaisdell Hillary L. Thalmann Willem Klajbor Yue Zhang Jessica A. Miller Benjamin J. Laurel Maria T. Kavanaugh |
author_sort |
Josiah Blaisdell |
title |
A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
title_short |
A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
title_full |
A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
title_fullStr |
A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Dynamic Stress-Scape Framework to Evaluate Potential Effects of Multiple Environmental Stressors on Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pacific Cod |
title_sort |
dynamic stress-scape framework to evaluate potential effects of multiple environmental stressors on gulf of alaska juvenile pacific cod |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 https://doaj.org/article/311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 |
geographic |
Gulf of Alaska Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Gulf of Alaska Pacific |
genre |
Ocean acidification Alaska |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Alaska |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 https://doaj.org/article/311863cf3cbf4a959b9d54a30e34b855 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.656088 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766159231895994368 |