Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021
Abstract Background Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set out to eliminate malaria by 2030. However, since 2014 a notable upturn in the number of cases has been reported in the Mosquitia region shared by Nicaragua and Honduras. In addition, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum mal...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:30f2febf6d01458abcd9e4580141c912 2023-05-15T15:09:41+02:00 Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 Gustavo Fontecha Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Sergio Betancourth Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Hugo O. Valdivia Alberto Montoya Rosa Elena Mejía 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 https://doaj.org/article/30f2febf6d01458abcd9e4580141c912 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/30f2febf6d01458abcd9e4580141c912 Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021) Plasmodium falciparum Honduras Nicaragua Pfcrt Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 2022-12-31T04:32:17Z Abstract Background Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set out to eliminate malaria by 2030. However, since 2014 a notable upturn in the number of cases has been reported in the Mosquitia region shared by Nicaragua and Honduras. In addition, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases has increased significantly relative to vivax malaria. Chloroquine continues to be the first-line drug to treat uncomplicated malaria in the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of chloroquine resistant strains of P. falciparum using a genetic approach. Plasmodium vivax populations are not analysed in this study. Methods 205 blood samples from patients infected with P. falciparum between 2018 and 2021 were analysed. The pfcrt gene fragment encompassing codons 72–76 was analysed. Likewise, three fragments of the pfmdr1 gene were analysed in 51 samples by nested PCR and sequencing. Results All samples revealed the CVMNK wild phenotype for the pfcrt gene and the N86, Y184F, S1034C, N1042D, D1246 phenotype for the pfmdr1 gene. Conclusions The increase in falciparum malaria cases in Nicaragua and Honduras cannot be attributed to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant mutants. Other possibilities should be investigated further. This is the first study to report the genotype of pfmdr1 for five loci of interest in Central America. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 20 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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Plasmodium falciparum Honduras Nicaragua Pfcrt Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Plasmodium falciparum Honduras Nicaragua Pfcrt Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Gustavo Fontecha Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Sergio Betancourth Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Hugo O. Valdivia Alberto Montoya Rosa Elena Mejía Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
topic_facet |
Plasmodium falciparum Honduras Nicaragua Pfcrt Pfmdr1 Drug resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set out to eliminate malaria by 2030. However, since 2014 a notable upturn in the number of cases has been reported in the Mosquitia region shared by Nicaragua and Honduras. In addition, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases has increased significantly relative to vivax malaria. Chloroquine continues to be the first-line drug to treat uncomplicated malaria in the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of chloroquine resistant strains of P. falciparum using a genetic approach. Plasmodium vivax populations are not analysed in this study. Methods 205 blood samples from patients infected with P. falciparum between 2018 and 2021 were analysed. The pfcrt gene fragment encompassing codons 72–76 was analysed. Likewise, three fragments of the pfmdr1 gene were analysed in 51 samples by nested PCR and sequencing. Results All samples revealed the CVMNK wild phenotype for the pfcrt gene and the N86, Y184F, S1034C, N1042D, D1246 phenotype for the pfmdr1 gene. Conclusions The increase in falciparum malaria cases in Nicaragua and Honduras cannot be attributed to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant mutants. Other possibilities should be investigated further. This is the first study to report the genotype of pfmdr1 for five loci of interest in Central America. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gustavo Fontecha Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Sergio Betancourth Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Hugo O. Valdivia Alberto Montoya Rosa Elena Mejía |
author_facet |
Gustavo Fontecha Alejandra Pinto Osman Archaga Sergio Betancourth Lenin Escober Jessica Henríquez Hugo O. Valdivia Alberto Montoya Rosa Elena Mejía |
author_sort |
Gustavo Fontecha |
title |
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
title_short |
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
title_full |
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
title_sort |
assessment of plasmodium falciparum anti-malarial drug resistance markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes in isolates from honduras and nicaragua, 2018–2021 |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 https://doaj.org/article/30f2febf6d01458abcd9e4580141c912 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/30f2febf6d01458abcd9e4580141c912 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03977-8 |
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Malaria Journal |
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20 |
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1 |
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1766340823443570688 |