Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus.
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an important, systemic viral disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Endothelial cells are the main target cells for highly virulent HPR-deleted ISA virus (ISAV) types. Here we examine the pathogenesis of non-virulent ISAV HPR0 infections, presenting evid...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:30b95b9662ff4c6b8a1089d7979c2d70 2023-05-15T15:30:37+02:00 Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. Maria Aamelfot Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Alastair McBeath Sylvie L Benestad Knut Falk 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/article/30b95b9662ff4c6b8a1089d7979c2d70 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/article/30b95b9662ff4c6b8a1089d7979c2d70 PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0151723 (2016) Medicine R Science Q article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 2022-12-31T04:32:59Z Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an important, systemic viral disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Endothelial cells are the main target cells for highly virulent HPR-deleted ISA virus (ISAV) types. Here we examine the pathogenesis of non-virulent ISAV HPR0 infections, presenting evidence of an epithelial tropism for this virus type, including actual infection and replication in the epithelial cells. Whereas all HPR0 RT-qPCR positive gills prepared for cryosection tested positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescent labelling, only 21% of HPR0 RT-qPCR positive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gills were IHC positive, suggesting different methodological sensitivities. Only specific epithelial cell staining was observed and no staining was observed in endothelial cells of positive gills. Furthermore, using an ISAV segment 7 RT-PCR assay, we demonstrated splicing of HPR0, suggesting initial activation of the replication machinery in the epithelial gill cells. Immunological responses were investigated by the expression of interferon-related genes (e.g. Mx and γIP) and by ELISA for presence of anti-ISAV antibodies on samples taken sequentially over several months during an episode of transient HPR0 infection. All fish revealed a variable, but increased expression of the immunological markers in comparison to normal healthy fish. Taken together, we conclude that HPR0 causes a localized epithelial infection of Atlantic salmon. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 11 3 e0151723 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Maria Aamelfot Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Alastair McBeath Sylvie L Benestad Knut Falk Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an important, systemic viral disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Endothelial cells are the main target cells for highly virulent HPR-deleted ISA virus (ISAV) types. Here we examine the pathogenesis of non-virulent ISAV HPR0 infections, presenting evidence of an epithelial tropism for this virus type, including actual infection and replication in the epithelial cells. Whereas all HPR0 RT-qPCR positive gills prepared for cryosection tested positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescent labelling, only 21% of HPR0 RT-qPCR positive formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gills were IHC positive, suggesting different methodological sensitivities. Only specific epithelial cell staining was observed and no staining was observed in endothelial cells of positive gills. Furthermore, using an ISAV segment 7 RT-PCR assay, we demonstrated splicing of HPR0, suggesting initial activation of the replication machinery in the epithelial gill cells. Immunological responses were investigated by the expression of interferon-related genes (e.g. Mx and γIP) and by ELISA for presence of anti-ISAV antibodies on samples taken sequentially over several months during an episode of transient HPR0 infection. All fish revealed a variable, but increased expression of the immunological markers in comparison to normal healthy fish. Taken together, we conclude that HPR0 causes a localized epithelial infection of Atlantic salmon. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Maria Aamelfot Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Alastair McBeath Sylvie L Benestad Knut Falk |
author_facet |
Maria Aamelfot Debes H Christiansen Ole Bendik Dale Alastair McBeath Sylvie L Benestad Knut Falk |
author_sort |
Maria Aamelfot |
title |
Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
title_short |
Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
title_full |
Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
title_fullStr |
Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Localised Infection of Atlantic Salmon Epithelial Cells by HPR0 Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. |
title_sort |
localised infection of atlantic salmon epithelial cells by hpr0 infectious salmon anaemia virus. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/article/30b95b9662ff4c6b8a1089d7979c2d70 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e0151723 (2016) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 https://doaj.org/article/30b95b9662ff4c6b8a1089d7979c2d70 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151723 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
e0151723 |
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1766361067015897088 |