Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance.
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol s...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:30b5efe8e5c5465ebae61cc2c7f44942 2023-05-15T13:51:01+02:00 Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. Caroline Burks Alexandria Darby Luisa Gómez Londoño Michelle Momany Marin T Brewer 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/article/30b5efe8e5c5465ebae61cc2c7f44942 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366 https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374 1553-7366 1553-7374 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/article/30b5efe8e5c5465ebae61cc2c7f44942 PLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e1009711 (2021) Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 2022-12-31T13:42:17Z Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol synthesis pathway, are the primary class of drugs used to treat aspergillosis. Azoles are also used to combat plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, an increasing number of azole-naive patients have presented with pan-azole-resistant strains of A. fumigatus. The TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A alleles in the cyp51A gene are the most common ones conferring pan-azole resistance. There is evidence that these mutations arose in agricultural settings; therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify azole resistance in environmental A. fumigatus and to determine where resistance is developing in the environment. Here, we summarize the global occurrence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in the environment based on available literature. Additionally, we have created an interactive world map showing where resistant isolates have been detected and include information on the specific alleles identified, environmental settings, and azole fungicide use. Azole-resistant A. fumigatus has been found on every continent, except for Antarctica, with the highest number of reports from Europe. Developed environments, specifically hospitals and gardens, were the most common settings where azole-resistant A. fumigatus was detected, followed by soils sampled from agricultural settings. The TR34/L98H resistance allele was the most common in all regions except South America where the TR46/Y121F/T289A allele was the most common. A major consideration in interpreting this survey of the literature is sampling bias; regions and environments that have been extensively sampled are more likely to show greater azole resistance even though resistance could be more prevalent in areas that are under-sampled or not sampled at all. Increased ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS Pathogens 17 7 e1009711 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Caroline Burks Alexandria Darby Luisa Gómez Londoño Michelle Momany Marin T Brewer Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
topic_facet |
Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes aspergillosis, a spectrum of environmentally acquired respiratory illnesses. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and exists in the environment as a saprotroph on decaying plant matter. Azoles, which target Cyp51A in the ergosterol synthesis pathway, are the primary class of drugs used to treat aspergillosis. Azoles are also used to combat plant pathogenic fungi. Recently, an increasing number of azole-naive patients have presented with pan-azole-resistant strains of A. fumigatus. The TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A alleles in the cyp51A gene are the most common ones conferring pan-azole resistance. There is evidence that these mutations arose in agricultural settings; therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify azole resistance in environmental A. fumigatus and to determine where resistance is developing in the environment. Here, we summarize the global occurrence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in the environment based on available literature. Additionally, we have created an interactive world map showing where resistant isolates have been detected and include information on the specific alleles identified, environmental settings, and azole fungicide use. Azole-resistant A. fumigatus has been found on every continent, except for Antarctica, with the highest number of reports from Europe. Developed environments, specifically hospitals and gardens, were the most common settings where azole-resistant A. fumigatus was detected, followed by soils sampled from agricultural settings. The TR34/L98H resistance allele was the most common in all regions except South America where the TR46/Y121F/T289A allele was the most common. A major consideration in interpreting this survey of the literature is sampling bias; regions and environments that have been extensively sampled are more likely to show greater azole resistance even though resistance could be more prevalent in areas that are under-sampled or not sampled at all. Increased ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Caroline Burks Alexandria Darby Luisa Gómez Londoño Michelle Momany Marin T Brewer |
author_facet |
Caroline Burks Alexandria Darby Luisa Gómez Londoño Michelle Momany Marin T Brewer |
author_sort |
Caroline Burks |
title |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
title_short |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
title_full |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
title_fullStr |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: Identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
title_sort |
azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus in the environment: identifying key reservoirs and hotspots of antifungal resistance. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/article/30b5efe8e5c5465ebae61cc2c7f44942 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
PLoS Pathogens, Vol 17, Iss 7, p e1009711 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366 https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374 1553-7366 1553-7374 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 https://doaj.org/article/30b5efe8e5c5465ebae61cc2c7f44942 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009711 |
container_title |
PLOS Pathogens |
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17 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e1009711 |
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