Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic
Woolly mammoths and living elephants are characterized by major phenotypic differences that have allowed them to live in very different environments. To identify the genetic changes that underlie the suite of woolly mammoth adaptations to extreme cold, we sequenced the nuclear genome from three Asia...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:308877f45d9448138e4c521937ee48f1 2023-05-15T15:03:58+02:00 Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic Vincent J. Lynch Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina Aakrosh Ratan Michael Sulak Daniela I. Drautz-Moses George H. Perry Webb Miller Stephan C. Schuster 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 https://doaj.org/article/308877f45d9448138e4c521937ee48f1 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124715006397 https://doaj.org/toc/2211-1247 2211-1247 doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 https://doaj.org/article/308877f45d9448138e4c521937ee48f1 Cell Reports, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 217-228 (2015) Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 2022-12-31T11:49:32Z Woolly mammoths and living elephants are characterized by major phenotypic differences that have allowed them to live in very different environments. To identify the genetic changes that underlie the suite of woolly mammoth adaptations to extreme cold, we sequenced the nuclear genome from three Asian elephants and two woolly mammoths, and we identified and functionally annotated genetic changes unique to woolly mammoths. We found that genes with mammoth-specific amino acid changes are enriched in functions related to circadian biology, skin and hair development and physiology, lipid metabolism, adipose development and physiology, and temperature sensation. Finally, we resurrected and functionally tested the mammoth and ancestral elephant TRPV3 gene, which encodes a temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channel involved in thermal sensation and hair growth, and we show that a single mammoth-specific amino acid substitution in an otherwise highly conserved region of the TRPV3 channel strongly affects its temperature sensitivity. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Cell Reports 12 2 217 228 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Vincent J. Lynch Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina Aakrosh Ratan Michael Sulak Daniela I. Drautz-Moses George H. Perry Webb Miller Stephan C. Schuster Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
topic_facet |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Woolly mammoths and living elephants are characterized by major phenotypic differences that have allowed them to live in very different environments. To identify the genetic changes that underlie the suite of woolly mammoth adaptations to extreme cold, we sequenced the nuclear genome from three Asian elephants and two woolly mammoths, and we identified and functionally annotated genetic changes unique to woolly mammoths. We found that genes with mammoth-specific amino acid changes are enriched in functions related to circadian biology, skin and hair development and physiology, lipid metabolism, adipose development and physiology, and temperature sensation. Finally, we resurrected and functionally tested the mammoth and ancestral elephant TRPV3 gene, which encodes a temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channel involved in thermal sensation and hair growth, and we show that a single mammoth-specific amino acid substitution in an otherwise highly conserved region of the TRPV3 channel strongly affects its temperature sensitivity. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vincent J. Lynch Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina Aakrosh Ratan Michael Sulak Daniela I. Drautz-Moses George H. Perry Webb Miller Stephan C. Schuster |
author_facet |
Vincent J. Lynch Oscar C. Bedoya-Reina Aakrosh Ratan Michael Sulak Daniela I. Drautz-Moses George H. Perry Webb Miller Stephan C. Schuster |
author_sort |
Vincent J. Lynch |
title |
Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
title_short |
Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
title_full |
Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elephantid Genomes Reveal the Molecular Bases of Woolly Mammoth Adaptations to the Arctic |
title_sort |
elephantid genomes reveal the molecular bases of woolly mammoth adaptations to the arctic |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 https://doaj.org/article/308877f45d9448138e4c521937ee48f1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Cell Reports, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 217-228 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124715006397 https://doaj.org/toc/2211-1247 2211-1247 doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 https://doaj.org/article/308877f45d9448138e4c521937ee48f1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.027 |
container_title |
Cell Reports |
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12 |
container_issue |
2 |
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217 |
op_container_end_page |
228 |
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1766335803824275456 |