Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review.
Epidemiological studies in Greenland Eskimos led to the hypothesis that marine oils rich in n-3 fatty acids (also referred to as omega (omega)-3 fatty acids) are hypolipidemic and ultimately antiatherogenic. Metabolically controlled trials in which large amounts of fish oil were fed to normal volunt...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:308569ce9d3f4227b59337df421574e5 2023-05-15T16:06:28+02:00 Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. W S Harris 1989-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 https://doaj.org/article/308569ce9d3f4227b59337df421574e5 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520383103 https://doaj.org/toc/0022-2275 0022-2275 doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 https://doaj.org/article/308569ce9d3f4227b59337df421574e5 Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 30, Iss 6, Pp 785-807 (1989) Biochemistry QD415-436 article 1989 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 2022-12-31T05:58:21Z Epidemiological studies in Greenland Eskimos led to the hypothesis that marine oils rich in n-3 fatty acids (also referred to as omega (omega)-3 fatty acids) are hypolipidemic and ultimately antiatherogenic. Metabolically controlled trials in which large amounts of fish oil were fed to normal volunteers and hyperlipidemic patients showed that these fatty acids (FAs) are effective at lowering plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Although more recent trials using smaller, more practical doses of fish oil supplements have confirmed the hypotriglyceridemic effect, they have shown little effect on total cholesterol levels; hypertriglyceridemic patients have even experienced increases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 10-20% while taking n-3 FA supplements. Discrepancies among fish oil studies regarding the effects of n-3 FAs on LDL-C levels may be understood by noting that, in the majority of studies reporting reductions in LDL-C levels, saturated fat intake was lowered when switching from the control diet to the fish oil diet. When fish oil is fed and saturated fat intake is constant, LDL-C levels either do not change or may increase. Levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol have been found to increase slightly (about 5-10%) with fish oil intake. Plasma apolipoprotein levels change in concert with their associated lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although the decrease in triglyceride levels appears to result from an inhibition in hepatic triglyceride synthesis, the mechanisms leading to the increases in LDL and HDL have not been determined. Finally, fatty fish or linolenic acid may serve as alternative sources of long-chain n-3 FAs, but further studies will be needed to document their hypolipidemic and/or antiatherogenic effects. Article in Journal/Newspaper eskimo* Greenland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Greenland Journal of Lipid Research 30 6 785 807 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Biochemistry QD415-436 |
spellingShingle |
Biochemistry QD415-436 W S Harris Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
topic_facet |
Biochemistry QD415-436 |
description |
Epidemiological studies in Greenland Eskimos led to the hypothesis that marine oils rich in n-3 fatty acids (also referred to as omega (omega)-3 fatty acids) are hypolipidemic and ultimately antiatherogenic. Metabolically controlled trials in which large amounts of fish oil were fed to normal volunteers and hyperlipidemic patients showed that these fatty acids (FAs) are effective at lowering plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Although more recent trials using smaller, more practical doses of fish oil supplements have confirmed the hypotriglyceridemic effect, they have shown little effect on total cholesterol levels; hypertriglyceridemic patients have even experienced increases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 10-20% while taking n-3 FA supplements. Discrepancies among fish oil studies regarding the effects of n-3 FAs on LDL-C levels may be understood by noting that, in the majority of studies reporting reductions in LDL-C levels, saturated fat intake was lowered when switching from the control diet to the fish oil diet. When fish oil is fed and saturated fat intake is constant, LDL-C levels either do not change or may increase. Levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol have been found to increase slightly (about 5-10%) with fish oil intake. Plasma apolipoprotein levels change in concert with their associated lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although the decrease in triglyceride levels appears to result from an inhibition in hepatic triglyceride synthesis, the mechanisms leading to the increases in LDL and HDL have not been determined. Finally, fatty fish or linolenic acid may serve as alternative sources of long-chain n-3 FAs, but further studies will be needed to document their hypolipidemic and/or antiatherogenic effects. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
W S Harris |
author_facet |
W S Harris |
author_sort |
W S Harris |
title |
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
title_short |
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
title_full |
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
title_fullStr |
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
title_sort |
fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
1989 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 https://doaj.org/article/308569ce9d3f4227b59337df421574e5 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
eskimo* Greenland |
genre_facet |
eskimo* Greenland |
op_source |
Journal of Lipid Research, Vol 30, Iss 6, Pp 785-807 (1989) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520383103 https://doaj.org/toc/0022-2275 0022-2275 doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 https://doaj.org/article/308569ce9d3f4227b59337df421574e5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38310-3 |
container_title |
Journal of Lipid Research |
container_volume |
30 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
785 |
op_container_end_page |
807 |
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1766402413826146304 |