Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis.
Angiosperms are renown for their diversity of flower colors. Often considered adaptations to pollinators, the most common underlying pigments, anthocyanins, are also involved in plants' stress response. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is well characterized across many angiosperms...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:3032a454befe4de788c86c5c01d89be3 2023-05-15T15:02:15+02:00 Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. Timothy Butler Cynthia Dick Matthew L Carlson Justen B Whittall 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 https://doaj.org/article/3032a454befe4de788c86c5c01d89be3 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4102464?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 https://doaj.org/article/3032a454befe4de788c86c5c01d89be3 PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e101338 (2014) Medicine R Science Q article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 2022-12-31T14:05:09Z Angiosperms are renown for their diversity of flower colors. Often considered adaptations to pollinators, the most common underlying pigments, anthocyanins, are also involved in plants' stress response. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is well characterized across many angiosperms and is composed of a few candidate genes, the consequences of blocking this pathway and producing white flowers has not been investigated at the transcriptome scale. We take a transcriptome-wide approach to compare expression differences between purple and white petal buds in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis, to determine which genes' expression are consistently correlated with flower color. Using mRNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly, we assembled an average of 722 bp per gene (49.81% coding sequence based on the A. thaliana homolog) for 12,795 genes from the petal buds of a pair of purple and white samples. Our results correlate strongly with qRT-PCR analysis of nine candidate genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway where chalcone synthase has the greatest difference in expression between color morphs (P/W = ∼7×). Among the most consistently differentially expressed genes between purple and white samples, we found 3× more genes with higher expression in white petals than in purple petals. These include four unknown genes, two drought-response genes (CDSP32, ERD5), a cold-response gene (GR-RBP2), and a pathogen defense gene (DND1). Gene ontology analysis of the top 2% of genes with greater expression in white relative to purple petals revealed enrichment in genes associated with stress responses including cold, drought and pathogen defense. Unlike the uniform downregulation of chalcone synthase that may be directly involved in the loss of petal anthocyanins, the variable expression of several genes with greater expression in white petals suggest that the physiological and ecological consequences of having white petals may be microenvironment-dependent. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS ONE 9 7 e101338 |
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topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Timothy Butler Cynthia Dick Matthew L Carlson Justen B Whittall Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Angiosperms are renown for their diversity of flower colors. Often considered adaptations to pollinators, the most common underlying pigments, anthocyanins, are also involved in plants' stress response. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is well characterized across many angiosperms and is composed of a few candidate genes, the consequences of blocking this pathway and producing white flowers has not been investigated at the transcriptome scale. We take a transcriptome-wide approach to compare expression differences between purple and white petal buds in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis, to determine which genes' expression are consistently correlated with flower color. Using mRNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly, we assembled an average of 722 bp per gene (49.81% coding sequence based on the A. thaliana homolog) for 12,795 genes from the petal buds of a pair of purple and white samples. Our results correlate strongly with qRT-PCR analysis of nine candidate genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway where chalcone synthase has the greatest difference in expression between color morphs (P/W = ∼7×). Among the most consistently differentially expressed genes between purple and white samples, we found 3× more genes with higher expression in white petals than in purple petals. These include four unknown genes, two drought-response genes (CDSP32, ERD5), a cold-response gene (GR-RBP2), and a pathogen defense gene (DND1). Gene ontology analysis of the top 2% of genes with greater expression in white relative to purple petals revealed enrichment in genes associated with stress responses including cold, drought and pathogen defense. Unlike the uniform downregulation of chalcone synthase that may be directly involved in the loss of petal anthocyanins, the variable expression of several genes with greater expression in white petals suggest that the physiological and ecological consequences of having white petals may be microenvironment-dependent. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Timothy Butler Cynthia Dick Matthew L Carlson Justen B Whittall |
author_facet |
Timothy Butler Cynthia Dick Matthew L Carlson Justen B Whittall |
author_sort |
Timothy Butler |
title |
Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
title_short |
Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
title_full |
Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, Parrya nudicaulis. |
title_sort |
transcriptome analysis of a petal anthocyanin polymorphism in the arctic mustard, parrya nudicaulis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 https://doaj.org/article/3032a454befe4de788c86c5c01d89be3 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e101338 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4102464?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 https://doaj.org/article/3032a454befe4de788c86c5c01d89be3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101338 |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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7 |
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e101338 |
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