Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds
While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2fbd3138adc245a3aaf5a1952d5f2643 2023-05-15T15:59:53+02:00 Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds Gerrit A. Martens Lars P. Folkow Thorsten Burmester Cornelia Geßner 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 https://doaj.org/article/2fbd3138adc245a3aaf5a1952d5f2643 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X 1664-042X doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 https://doaj.org/article/2fbd3138adc245a3aaf5a1952d5f2643 Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 13 (2022) marine mammals hypoxia antioxidants oxidative stress brain pinniped Physiology QP1-981 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 2022-12-30T22:24:38Z While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as heart, lung, muscle and kidney, marine mammals generally exhibit an elevated antioxidant defence. However, the brain, whose functional integrity is critical to survival, has received little attention. We previously observed an enhanced expression of several antioxidant genes in cortical neurons of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata). Here, we studied antioxidant gene expression and enzymatic activity in the visual cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals. Moreover, we tested several genes for positive selection. We found that antioxidants in the first line of defence, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione (GSH) were constitutively enhanced in the seal brain compared to mice (Mus musculus), whereas the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems were not. Possibly, the activity of the latter systems is stress-induced rather than constitutively elevated. Further, some, but not all members, of the glutathione-s-transferase (GST) family appear more highly expressed. We found no signatures of positive selection, indicating that sequence and function of the studied antioxidants are conserved in pinnipeds. Article in Journal/Newspaper Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Physiology 13 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
marine mammals hypoxia antioxidants oxidative stress brain pinniped Physiology QP1-981 |
spellingShingle |
marine mammals hypoxia antioxidants oxidative stress brain pinniped Physiology QP1-981 Gerrit A. Martens Lars P. Folkow Thorsten Burmester Cornelia Geßner Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
topic_facet |
marine mammals hypoxia antioxidants oxidative stress brain pinniped Physiology QP1-981 |
description |
While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species and risk of oxidative damage. In blood and several tissues, such as heart, lung, muscle and kidney, marine mammals generally exhibit an elevated antioxidant defence. However, the brain, whose functional integrity is critical to survival, has received little attention. We previously observed an enhanced expression of several antioxidant genes in cortical neurons of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata). Here, we studied antioxidant gene expression and enzymatic activity in the visual cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus of harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) and hooded seals. Moreover, we tested several genes for positive selection. We found that antioxidants in the first line of defence, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione (GSH) were constitutively enhanced in the seal brain compared to mice (Mus musculus), whereas the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems were not. Possibly, the activity of the latter systems is stress-induced rather than constitutively elevated. Further, some, but not all members, of the glutathione-s-transferase (GST) family appear more highly expressed. We found no signatures of positive selection, indicating that sequence and function of the studied antioxidants are conserved in pinnipeds. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Gerrit A. Martens Lars P. Folkow Thorsten Burmester Cornelia Geßner |
author_facet |
Gerrit A. Martens Lars P. Folkow Thorsten Burmester Cornelia Geßner |
author_sort |
Gerrit A. Martens |
title |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_short |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_full |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_fullStr |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
title_sort |
elevated antioxidant defence in the brain of deep-diving pinnipeds |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 https://doaj.org/article/2fbd3138adc245a3aaf5a1952d5f2643 |
genre |
Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus |
genre_facet |
Cystophora cristata Pagophilus groenlandicus |
op_source |
Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 13 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-042X 1664-042X doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 https://doaj.org/article/2fbd3138adc245a3aaf5a1952d5f2643 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1064476 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Physiology |
container_volume |
13 |
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1766395785556000768 |