Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny?
Future ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect many marine organisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that many species could suffer from reduced fertilization success, decreases in larval- and adult growth rates, reduced calcification rates, and even mortality when being expos...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2ecd7c99de054bb4bf8713931e32386d 2023-05-15T17:51:05+02:00 Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? M. Bleich M. C. Thorndyke M. Lucassen S. Dupont M. Langenbuch M. A. Gutowska F. Melzner H.-O. Pörtner 2009-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/2ecd7c99de054bb4bf8713931e32386d EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2313/2009/bg-6-2313-2009.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/2ecd7c99de054bb4bf8713931e32386d Biogeosciences, Vol 6, Iss 10, Pp 2313-2331 (2009) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2009 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T04:56:54Z Future ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect many marine organisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that many species could suffer from reduced fertilization success, decreases in larval- and adult growth rates, reduced calcification rates, and even mortality when being exposed to near-future levels (year 2100 scenarios) of ocean acidification. Little research focus is currently placed on those organisms/taxa that might be less vulnerable to the anticipated changes in ocean chemistry; this is unfortunate, as the comparison of more vulnerable to more tolerant physiotypes could provide us with those physiological traits that are crucial for ecological success in a future ocean. Here, we attempt to summarize some ontogenetic and lifestyle traits that lead to an increased tolerance towards high environmental p CO 2 . In general, marine ectothermic metazoans with an extensive extracellular fluid volume may be less vulnerable to future acidification as their cells are already exposed to much higher p CO 2 values (0.1 to 0.4 kPa, ca. 1000 to 3900 μatm) than those of unicellular organisms and gametes, for which the ocean (0.04 kPa, ca. 400 μatm) is the extracellular space. A doubling in environmental p CO 2 therefore only represents a 10% change in extracellular p CO 2 in some marine teleosts. High extracellular p CO 2 values are to some degree related to high metabolic rates, as diffusion gradients need to be high in order to excrete an amount of CO 2 that is directly proportional to the amount of O 2 consumed. In active metazoans, such as teleost fish, cephalopods and many brachyuran crustaceans, exercise induced increases in metabolic rate require an efficient ion-regulatory machinery for CO 2 excretion and acid-base regulation, especially when anaerobic metabolism is involved and metabolic protons leak into the extracellular space. These ion-transport systems, which are located in highly developed gill epithelia, form the basis for efficient compensation of pH disturbances during exposure to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
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Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 M. Bleich M. C. Thorndyke M. Lucassen S. Dupont M. Langenbuch M. A. Gutowska F. Melzner H.-O. Pörtner Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Future ocean acidification has the potential to adversely affect many marine organisms. A growing body of evidence suggests that many species could suffer from reduced fertilization success, decreases in larval- and adult growth rates, reduced calcification rates, and even mortality when being exposed to near-future levels (year 2100 scenarios) of ocean acidification. Little research focus is currently placed on those organisms/taxa that might be less vulnerable to the anticipated changes in ocean chemistry; this is unfortunate, as the comparison of more vulnerable to more tolerant physiotypes could provide us with those physiological traits that are crucial for ecological success in a future ocean. Here, we attempt to summarize some ontogenetic and lifestyle traits that lead to an increased tolerance towards high environmental p CO 2 . In general, marine ectothermic metazoans with an extensive extracellular fluid volume may be less vulnerable to future acidification as their cells are already exposed to much higher p CO 2 values (0.1 to 0.4 kPa, ca. 1000 to 3900 μatm) than those of unicellular organisms and gametes, for which the ocean (0.04 kPa, ca. 400 μatm) is the extracellular space. A doubling in environmental p CO 2 therefore only represents a 10% change in extracellular p CO 2 in some marine teleosts. High extracellular p CO 2 values are to some degree related to high metabolic rates, as diffusion gradients need to be high in order to excrete an amount of CO 2 that is directly proportional to the amount of O 2 consumed. In active metazoans, such as teleost fish, cephalopods and many brachyuran crustaceans, exercise induced increases in metabolic rate require an efficient ion-regulatory machinery for CO 2 excretion and acid-base regulation, especially when anaerobic metabolism is involved and metabolic protons leak into the extracellular space. These ion-transport systems, which are located in highly developed gill epithelia, form the basis for efficient compensation of pH disturbances during exposure to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Bleich M. C. Thorndyke M. Lucassen S. Dupont M. Langenbuch M. A. Gutowska F. Melzner H.-O. Pörtner |
author_facet |
M. Bleich M. C. Thorndyke M. Lucassen S. Dupont M. Langenbuch M. A. Gutowska F. Melzner H.-O. Pörtner |
author_sort |
M. Bleich |
title |
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
title_short |
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
title_full |
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
title_fullStr |
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiological basis for high CO 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
title_sort |
physiological basis for high co 2 tolerance in marine ectothermic animals: pre-adaptation through lifestyle and ontogeny? |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/2ecd7c99de054bb4bf8713931e32386d |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 6, Iss 10, Pp 2313-2331 (2009) |
op_relation |
http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2313/2009/bg-6-2313-2009.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/2ecd7c99de054bb4bf8713931e32386d |
_version_ |
1766158091159601152 |