The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Access to "safe" water and "adequate" sanitation are emphasized as important measures for schistosomiasis control. Indeed, the schistosomes' lifecycles suggest that their transmission may be reduced through safe water and adequate sanitation. However, the evidence has not pr...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2ec1c640b077433781769f9a9a6b2507 2023-05-15T15:15:05+02:00 The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jack E T Grimes David Croll Wendy E Harrison Jürg Utzinger Matthew C Freeman Michael R Templeton 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 https://doaj.org/article/2ec1c640b077433781769f9a9a6b2507 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4256273?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 https://doaj.org/article/2ec1c640b077433781769f9a9a6b2507 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e3296 (2014) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 2022-12-31T14:07:17Z Access to "safe" water and "adequate" sanitation are emphasized as important measures for schistosomiasis control. Indeed, the schistosomes' lifecycles suggest that their transmission may be reduced through safe water and adequate sanitation. However, the evidence has not previously been compiled in a systematic review.We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting schistosome infection rates in people who do or do not have access to safe water and adequate sanitation. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 31 December 2013, without restrictions on year of publication or language. Studies' titles and abstracts were screened by two independent assessors. Papers deemed of interest were read in full and appropriate studies included in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed through the visual inspection of funnel plots and through Egger's test. Heterogeneity of datasets within the meta-analysis was quantified using Higgins' I2.Safe water supplies were associated with significantly lower odds of schistosomiasis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.61). Adequate sanitation was associated with lower odds of Schistosoma mansoni, (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47-0.73) and Schistosoma haematobium (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.84). Included studies were mainly cross-sectional and quality was largely poor.Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that increasing access to safe water and adequate sanitation are important measures to reduce the odds of schistosome infection. However, most of the studies were observational and quality was poor. Hence, there is a pressing need for adequately powered cluster randomized trials comparing schistosome infection risk with access to safe water and adequate sanitation, more studies which rigorously define water and sanitation, and new research on the relationships between water, sanitation, hygiene, human behavior, and schistosome transmission. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 12 e3296 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jack E T Grimes David Croll Wendy E Harrison Jürg Utzinger Matthew C Freeman Michael R Templeton The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Access to "safe" water and "adequate" sanitation are emphasized as important measures for schistosomiasis control. Indeed, the schistosomes' lifecycles suggest that their transmission may be reduced through safe water and adequate sanitation. However, the evidence has not previously been compiled in a systematic review.We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting schistosome infection rates in people who do or do not have access to safe water and adequate sanitation. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 31 December 2013, without restrictions on year of publication or language. Studies' titles and abstracts were screened by two independent assessors. Papers deemed of interest were read in full and appropriate studies included in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was assessed through the visual inspection of funnel plots and through Egger's test. Heterogeneity of datasets within the meta-analysis was quantified using Higgins' I2.Safe water supplies were associated with significantly lower odds of schistosomiasis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.61). Adequate sanitation was associated with lower odds of Schistosoma mansoni, (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47-0.73) and Schistosoma haematobium (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57-0.84). Included studies were mainly cross-sectional and quality was largely poor.Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that increasing access to safe water and adequate sanitation are important measures to reduce the odds of schistosome infection. However, most of the studies were observational and quality was poor. Hence, there is a pressing need for adequately powered cluster randomized trials comparing schistosome infection risk with access to safe water and adequate sanitation, more studies which rigorously define water and sanitation, and new research on the relationships between water, sanitation, hygiene, human behavior, and schistosome transmission. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jack E T Grimes David Croll Wendy E Harrison Jürg Utzinger Matthew C Freeman Michael R Templeton |
author_facet |
Jack E T Grimes David Croll Wendy E Harrison Jürg Utzinger Matthew C Freeman Michael R Templeton |
author_sort |
Jack E T Grimes |
title |
The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
title_short |
The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
title_full |
The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
title_fullStr |
The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
title_sort |
relationship between water, sanitation and schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 https://doaj.org/article/2ec1c640b077433781769f9a9a6b2507 |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e3296 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4256273?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 https://doaj.org/article/2ec1c640b077433781769f9a9a6b2507 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003296 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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12 |
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e3296 |
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