Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors
Abstract Background Malaria epidemics in highland areas of East Africa have caused considerable morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. Knowledge of "hotspot" areas of high malaria incidence would allow for focused preventive interventions in resource-poor areas, particularly if t...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2e3575aa85c74484b3ebcbb2abc8bdad 2023-05-15T15:09:56+02:00 Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors Ernst Kacey C Adoka Samson O Kowuor Dickens O Wilson Mark L John Chandy C 2006-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 https://doaj.org/article/2e3575aa85c74484b3ebcbb2abc8bdad EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/5/1/78 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/2e3575aa85c74484b3ebcbb2abc8bdad Malaria Journal, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 78 (2006) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2006 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 2022-12-31T13:00:23Z Abstract Background Malaria epidemics in highland areas of East Africa have caused considerable morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. Knowledge of "hotspot" areas of high malaria incidence would allow for focused preventive interventions in resource-poor areas, particularly if the hotspot areas can be discerned during non-epidemic periods and predicted by ecological factors. Methods To address this issue, spatial distribution of malaria incidence and the relationship of ecological factors to malaria incidence were assessed in the highland area of Kipsamoite, Kenya, from 2001–2004. Results Clustering of disease in a single geographic "hotspot" area occurred in epidemic and non-epidemic years, with a 2.6 to 3.2-fold increased risk of malaria inside the hotspot, as compared to outside the area ( P < 0.001, all 4 years). Altitude and proximity to the forest were independently associated with increased malaria risk in all years, including epidemic and non-epidemic years. Conclusion In this highland area, areas of high malaria risk are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with specific ecological risk factors. Ongoing interventions in areas of ecological risk factors could be a cost-effective method of significantly reducing malaria incidence and blunting or preventing epidemics, even in the absence of malaria early warning systems. Further studies should be conducted to see if these findings hold true in varied highland settings. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 5 1 78 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Ernst Kacey C Adoka Samson O Kowuor Dickens O Wilson Mark L John Chandy C Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria epidemics in highland areas of East Africa have caused considerable morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. Knowledge of "hotspot" areas of high malaria incidence would allow for focused preventive interventions in resource-poor areas, particularly if the hotspot areas can be discerned during non-epidemic periods and predicted by ecological factors. Methods To address this issue, spatial distribution of malaria incidence and the relationship of ecological factors to malaria incidence were assessed in the highland area of Kipsamoite, Kenya, from 2001–2004. Results Clustering of disease in a single geographic "hotspot" area occurred in epidemic and non-epidemic years, with a 2.6 to 3.2-fold increased risk of malaria inside the hotspot, as compared to outside the area ( P < 0.001, all 4 years). Altitude and proximity to the forest were independently associated with increased malaria risk in all years, including epidemic and non-epidemic years. Conclusion In this highland area, areas of high malaria risk are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with specific ecological risk factors. Ongoing interventions in areas of ecological risk factors could be a cost-effective method of significantly reducing malaria incidence and blunting or preventing epidemics, even in the absence of malaria early warning systems. Further studies should be conducted to see if these findings hold true in varied highland settings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ernst Kacey C Adoka Samson O Kowuor Dickens O Wilson Mark L John Chandy C |
author_facet |
Ernst Kacey C Adoka Samson O Kowuor Dickens O Wilson Mark L John Chandy C |
author_sort |
Ernst Kacey C |
title |
Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
title_short |
Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
title_full |
Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
title_fullStr |
Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
title_sort |
malaria hotspot areas in a highland kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 https://doaj.org/article/2e3575aa85c74484b3ebcbb2abc8bdad |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 78 (2006) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/5/1/78 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/2e3575aa85c74484b3ebcbb2abc8bdad |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-5-78 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
78 |
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1766341028895260672 |