A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba.
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, shapes the structure of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Its central position in the food web, the ongoing environmental changes due to climatic warming, and increasing commercial interest on this species emphasize the urgency of understanding the adaptability of kri...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2cc80844987e4d65bde6d25981728069 2023-05-15T13:41:29+02:00 A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. Mathias Teschke Sabrina Wendt So Kawaguchi Achim Kramer Bettina Meyer 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 https://doaj.org/article/2cc80844987e4d65bde6d25981728069 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3189233?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 https://doaj.org/article/2cc80844987e4d65bde6d25981728069 PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e26090 (2011) Medicine R Science Q article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 2022-12-31T03:36:13Z Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, shapes the structure of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Its central position in the food web, the ongoing environmental changes due to climatic warming, and increasing commercial interest on this species emphasize the urgency of understanding the adaptability of krill to its environment. Krill has evolved rhythmic physiological and behavioral functions which are synchronized with the daily and seasonal cycles of the complex Southern Ocean ecosystem. The mechanisms, however, leading to these rhythms are essentially unknown. Here, we show that krill possesses an endogenous circadian clock that governs metabolic and physiological output rhythms. We found that expression of the canonical clock gene cry2 was highly rhythmic both in a light-dark cycle and in constant darkness. We detected a remarkable short circadian period, which we interpret as a special feature of the krill's circadian clock that helps to entrain the circadian system to the extreme range of photoperiods krill is exposed to throughout the year. Furthermore, we found that important key metabolic enzymes of krill showed bimodal circadian oscillations (∼9-12 h period) in transcript abundance and enzymatic activity. Oxygen consumption of krill showed ∼9-12 h oscillations that correlated with the temporal activity profile of key enzymes of aerobic energy metabolism. Our results demonstrate the first report of an endogenous circadian timing system in Antarctic krill and its likely link to metabolic key processes. Krill's circadian clock may not only be critical for synchronization to the solar day but also for the control of seasonal events. This study provides a powerful basis for the investigation into the mechanisms of temporal synchronization in this marine key species and will also lead to the first comprehensive analyses of the circadian clock of a polar marine organism through the entire photoperiodic cycle. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean PLoS ONE 6 10 e26090 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Mathias Teschke Sabrina Wendt So Kawaguchi Achim Kramer Bettina Meyer A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, shapes the structure of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Its central position in the food web, the ongoing environmental changes due to climatic warming, and increasing commercial interest on this species emphasize the urgency of understanding the adaptability of krill to its environment. Krill has evolved rhythmic physiological and behavioral functions which are synchronized with the daily and seasonal cycles of the complex Southern Ocean ecosystem. The mechanisms, however, leading to these rhythms are essentially unknown. Here, we show that krill possesses an endogenous circadian clock that governs metabolic and physiological output rhythms. We found that expression of the canonical clock gene cry2 was highly rhythmic both in a light-dark cycle and in constant darkness. We detected a remarkable short circadian period, which we interpret as a special feature of the krill's circadian clock that helps to entrain the circadian system to the extreme range of photoperiods krill is exposed to throughout the year. Furthermore, we found that important key metabolic enzymes of krill showed bimodal circadian oscillations (∼9-12 h period) in transcript abundance and enzymatic activity. Oxygen consumption of krill showed ∼9-12 h oscillations that correlated with the temporal activity profile of key enzymes of aerobic energy metabolism. Our results demonstrate the first report of an endogenous circadian timing system in Antarctic krill and its likely link to metabolic key processes. Krill's circadian clock may not only be critical for synchronization to the solar day but also for the control of seasonal events. This study provides a powerful basis for the investigation into the mechanisms of temporal synchronization in this marine key species and will also lead to the first comprehensive analyses of the circadian clock of a polar marine organism through the entire photoperiodic cycle. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mathias Teschke Sabrina Wendt So Kawaguchi Achim Kramer Bettina Meyer |
author_facet |
Mathias Teschke Sabrina Wendt So Kawaguchi Achim Kramer Bettina Meyer |
author_sort |
Mathias Teschke |
title |
A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
title_short |
A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
title_full |
A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
title_fullStr |
A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A circadian clock in Antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species Euphausia superba. |
title_sort |
circadian clock in antarctic krill: an endogenous timing system governs metabolic output rhythms in the euphausid species euphausia superba. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 https://doaj.org/article/2cc80844987e4d65bde6d25981728069 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Southern Ocean |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e26090 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3189233?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 https://doaj.org/article/2cc80844987e4d65bde6d25981728069 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026090 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
e26090 |
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1766151296560136192 |