Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2
We present the Arctic atmospheric river (AR) climatology based on twelve sets of labels derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalyses for 1980–2019. The ARs were identified and tracked in the 3-hourly reanalysis data with a multifactorial approach based on either atmospheric column-integrated water vapor...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2ca063c0e70f4ecd9631134f29bc08bc 2023-07-30T04:00:22+02:00 Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 Chen Zhang Wen-wen Tung William S Cleveland 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f https://doaj.org/article/2ca063c0e70f4ecd9631134f29bc08bc EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f https://doaj.org/toc/2752-5295 doi:10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f 2752-5295 https://doaj.org/article/2ca063c0e70f4ecd9631134f29bc08bc Environmental Research: Climate, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 035005 (2023) Arctic climatology ERA5 MERRA-2 atmospheric river teleconnection Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f 2023-07-16T00:34:31Z We present the Arctic atmospheric river (AR) climatology based on twelve sets of labels derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalyses for 1980–2019. The ARs were identified and tracked in the 3-hourly reanalysis data with a multifactorial approach based on either atmospheric column-integrated water vapor (IWV) or integrated water vapor transport (IVT) exceeding one of the three climate thresholds (75th, 85th, and 95th percentiles). Time series analysis of the AR event counts from the AR labels showed overall upward trends from the mid-1990s to 2019. The 75th IVT- and IWV-based labels, as well as the 85th IWV-based labels, are likely more sensitive to Arctic surface warming, therefore, detected some broadening of AR-affected areas over time, while the rest of the labels did not. Spatial exploratory analysis of these labels revealed that the AR frequency of occurrence maxima shifted poleward from over-land in 1980–1999 to over the Arctic Ocean and its outlying Seas in 2000–2019. Regions across the Atlantic, the Arctic, to the Pacific Oceans trended higher AR occurrence, surface temperature, and column-integrated moisture. Meanwhile, ARs were increasingly responsible for the rising moisture transport into the Arctic. Even though the increase of Arctic AR occurrence was primarily associated with long-term Arctic surface warming and moistening, the effects of changing atmospheric circulation could stand out locally, such as on the Pacific side over the Chukchi Sea. The changing teleconnection patterns strongly modulated AR activities in time and space, with prominent anomalies in the Arctic-Pacific sector during the latest decade. Besides, the extreme events identified by the 95th-percentile labels displayed the most significant changes and were most influenced by the teleconnection patterns. The twelve Arctic AR labels and the detailed graphics in the atlas can help navigate the uncertainty of detecting and quantifying Arctic ARs and their associated effects in current and future studies. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Pacific Environmental Research: Climate 2 3 035005 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic climatology ERA5 MERRA-2 atmospheric river teleconnection Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic climatology ERA5 MERRA-2 atmospheric river teleconnection Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Chen Zhang Wen-wen Tung William S Cleveland Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
topic_facet |
Arctic climatology ERA5 MERRA-2 atmospheric river teleconnection Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
We present the Arctic atmospheric river (AR) climatology based on twelve sets of labels derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalyses for 1980–2019. The ARs were identified and tracked in the 3-hourly reanalysis data with a multifactorial approach based on either atmospheric column-integrated water vapor (IWV) or integrated water vapor transport (IVT) exceeding one of the three climate thresholds (75th, 85th, and 95th percentiles). Time series analysis of the AR event counts from the AR labels showed overall upward trends from the mid-1990s to 2019. The 75th IVT- and IWV-based labels, as well as the 85th IWV-based labels, are likely more sensitive to Arctic surface warming, therefore, detected some broadening of AR-affected areas over time, while the rest of the labels did not. Spatial exploratory analysis of these labels revealed that the AR frequency of occurrence maxima shifted poleward from over-land in 1980–1999 to over the Arctic Ocean and its outlying Seas in 2000–2019. Regions across the Atlantic, the Arctic, to the Pacific Oceans trended higher AR occurrence, surface temperature, and column-integrated moisture. Meanwhile, ARs were increasingly responsible for the rising moisture transport into the Arctic. Even though the increase of Arctic AR occurrence was primarily associated with long-term Arctic surface warming and moistening, the effects of changing atmospheric circulation could stand out locally, such as on the Pacific side over the Chukchi Sea. The changing teleconnection patterns strongly modulated AR activities in time and space, with prominent anomalies in the Arctic-Pacific sector during the latest decade. Besides, the extreme events identified by the 95th-percentile labels displayed the most significant changes and were most influenced by the teleconnection patterns. The twelve Arctic AR labels and the detailed graphics in the atlas can help navigate the uncertainty of detecting and quantifying Arctic ARs and their associated effects in current and future studies. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chen Zhang Wen-wen Tung William S Cleveland |
author_facet |
Chen Zhang Wen-wen Tung William S Cleveland |
author_sort |
Chen Zhang |
title |
Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
title_short |
Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
title_full |
Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
title_fullStr |
Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatology and decadal changes of Arctic atmospheric rivers based on ERA5 and MERRA-2 |
title_sort |
climatology and decadal changes of arctic atmospheric rivers based on era5 and merra-2 |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f https://doaj.org/article/2ca063c0e70f4ecd9631134f29bc08bc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Merra Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Merra Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea |
op_source |
Environmental Research: Climate, Vol 2, Iss 3, p 035005 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f https://doaj.org/toc/2752-5295 doi:10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f 2752-5295 https://doaj.org/article/2ca063c0e70f4ecd9631134f29bc08bc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/acdf0f |
container_title |
Environmental Research: Climate |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
035005 |
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1772810870776135680 |