Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021
Black Sea freezing in winter is observed regularly in its northern parts and near the Kerch Strait. The reason for this is the relatively shallow northwestern shelf part and the river inflow of the three major European rivers Danube, Dnieper, and Dniester, as well as Don through the Azov Sea, carryi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2c8d05fb23a946b38043c4a4d85c47d0 2023-05-15T18:17:35+02:00 Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 Mirna Matov Elisaveta Peneva Vasko Galabov 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060974 https://doaj.org/article/2c8d05fb23a946b38043c4a4d85c47d0 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/6/974 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13060974 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/2c8d05fb23a946b38043c4a4d85c47d0 Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 974, p 974 (2022) climate change Black Sea winter severity Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060974 2022-12-31T02:46:39Z Black Sea freezing in winter is observed regularly in its northern parts and near the Kerch Strait. The reason for this is the relatively shallow northwestern shelf part and the river inflow of the three major European rivers Danube, Dnieper, and Dniester, as well as Don through the Azov Sea, carrying a large amount of fresh water to this part of the Black Sea. The global warming that has been observed in recent decades has made these episodes less intense; nevertheless, they exist and impact people who live n the area. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent of sea-ice variability in the last 15 years, observed by satellite observations, and to describe the weather conditions favorable for freezing to occur. It is found that, in 2006, 2012 and 2017, sea ice extended unusually southward, which is related to the unusually cold winter and weather conditions in these years. The weather patterns associated with the periods of maximal sea ice in the Black Sea are discussed. In addition, we analyze how the winter conditions change in the period 1926–2021 by combining different data sources. The winter is classified as cold, moderate or mild through the Winter Severity Index following a previously published methodology. The findings in our paper could help to monitor and predict these events and to inform the interested end-users. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Atmosphere 13 6 974 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
climate change Black Sea winter severity Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
climate change Black Sea winter severity Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Mirna Matov Elisaveta Peneva Vasko Galabov Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
topic_facet |
climate change Black Sea winter severity Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Black Sea freezing in winter is observed regularly in its northern parts and near the Kerch Strait. The reason for this is the relatively shallow northwestern shelf part and the river inflow of the three major European rivers Danube, Dnieper, and Dniester, as well as Don through the Azov Sea, carrying a large amount of fresh water to this part of the Black Sea. The global warming that has been observed in recent decades has made these episodes less intense; nevertheless, they exist and impact people who live n the area. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent of sea-ice variability in the last 15 years, observed by satellite observations, and to describe the weather conditions favorable for freezing to occur. It is found that, in 2006, 2012 and 2017, sea ice extended unusually southward, which is related to the unusually cold winter and weather conditions in these years. The weather patterns associated with the periods of maximal sea ice in the Black Sea are discussed. In addition, we analyze how the winter conditions change in the period 1926–2021 by combining different data sources. The winter is classified as cold, moderate or mild through the Winter Severity Index following a previously published methodology. The findings in our paper could help to monitor and predict these events and to inform the interested end-users. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mirna Matov Elisaveta Peneva Vasko Galabov |
author_facet |
Mirna Matov Elisaveta Peneva Vasko Galabov |
author_sort |
Mirna Matov |
title |
Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
title_short |
Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
title_full |
Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
title_fullStr |
Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Black Sea Freezing and Relation to the Winter Conditions in 2006–2021 |
title_sort |
black sea freezing and relation to the winter conditions in 2006–2021 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060974 https://doaj.org/article/2c8d05fb23a946b38043c4a4d85c47d0 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 13, Iss 974, p 974 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/6/974 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos13060974 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/2c8d05fb23a946b38043c4a4d85c47d0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060974 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
974 |
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1766191945848193024 |