Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) technique for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis in Laos and compared different modifications of the ZNS techniques. METHODOLOGY: WE APPLIED THE FOLLOWING APPROACH: We (1) examined a paragonimiasis index case's sputum with wet film direct e...
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2011
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2c2973e946f74c7096f8a2eb881d4474 2023-05-15T15:16:12+02:00 Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. Günther Slesak Saythong Inthalad Phadsana Basy Dalaphone Keomanivong Ounheaun Phoutsavath Somchaivang Khampoui Aude Grosrenaud Vincent Amstutz Hubert Barennes Yves Buisson Peter Odermatt 2011-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 https://doaj.org/article/2c2973e946f74c7096f8a2eb881d4474 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3096611?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 https://doaj.org/article/2c2973e946f74c7096f8a2eb881d4474 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1048 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 2022-12-31T03:23:32Z BACKGROUND: We evaluated the Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) technique for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis in Laos and compared different modifications of the ZNS techniques. METHODOLOGY: WE APPLIED THE FOLLOWING APPROACH: We (1) examined a paragonimiasis index case's sputum with wet film direct examination (WF) and ZNS; (2) re-examined stored ZNS slides from two provinces; (3) compared prospectively WF, ZNS, and formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) for sputum examination of patients with chronic cough; and (4) compared different ZNS procedures. Finally, we assessed excess direct costs associated with the use of different diagnostic techniques. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Paragonimus eggs were clearly visible in WF and ZNS sputum samples of the index case. They appeared brownish-reddish in ZNS and were detected in 6 of 263 archived ZNS slides corresponding to 5 patients. One hundred sputum samples from 43 patients were examined with three techniques, which revealed that 6 patients had paragonimiasis (13 positive samples). Sensitivity per slide of the FECT, ZNS and the WF technique was 84.6 (p = 0.48), 76.9 (p = 0.25) and 61.5% (p = 0.07), respectively. Percentage of fragmented eggs was below 19% and did not differ between techniques (p = 0.13). Additional operational costs per slide were 0 (ZNS), 0.10 US$ (WF), and 0.79 US$ (FECT). ZNS heated for five minutes contained less eggs than briefly heated slides (29 eggs per slide [eps] vs. 42 eps, p = 0.01). Bloodstained sputum portions contained more eggs than unstained parts (3.3 eps vs. 0.7 eps, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Paragonimus eggs can easily be detected in today's widely used ZNS of sputum slides. The ZNS technique appears superior to the standard WF sputum examination for paragonimiasis and eliminates the risk of tuberculosis transmission. Our findings suggest that ZNS sputum slides should also be examined routinely for Paragonimus eggs. ZNS technique has potential in epidemiological research on paragonimiasis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5 5 e1048 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Günther Slesak Saythong Inthalad Phadsana Basy Dalaphone Keomanivong Ounheaun Phoutsavath Somchaivang Khampoui Aude Grosrenaud Vincent Amstutz Hubert Barennes Yves Buisson Peter Odermatt Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) technique for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis in Laos and compared different modifications of the ZNS techniques. METHODOLOGY: WE APPLIED THE FOLLOWING APPROACH: We (1) examined a paragonimiasis index case's sputum with wet film direct examination (WF) and ZNS; (2) re-examined stored ZNS slides from two provinces; (3) compared prospectively WF, ZNS, and formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) for sputum examination of patients with chronic cough; and (4) compared different ZNS procedures. Finally, we assessed excess direct costs associated with the use of different diagnostic techniques. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Paragonimus eggs were clearly visible in WF and ZNS sputum samples of the index case. They appeared brownish-reddish in ZNS and were detected in 6 of 263 archived ZNS slides corresponding to 5 patients. One hundred sputum samples from 43 patients were examined with three techniques, which revealed that 6 patients had paragonimiasis (13 positive samples). Sensitivity per slide of the FECT, ZNS and the WF technique was 84.6 (p = 0.48), 76.9 (p = 0.25) and 61.5% (p = 0.07), respectively. Percentage of fragmented eggs was below 19% and did not differ between techniques (p = 0.13). Additional operational costs per slide were 0 (ZNS), 0.10 US$ (WF), and 0.79 US$ (FECT). ZNS heated for five minutes contained less eggs than briefly heated slides (29 eggs per slide [eps] vs. 42 eps, p = 0.01). Bloodstained sputum portions contained more eggs than unstained parts (3.3 eps vs. 0.7 eps, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Paragonimus eggs can easily be detected in today's widely used ZNS of sputum slides. The ZNS technique appears superior to the standard WF sputum examination for paragonimiasis and eliminates the risk of tuberculosis transmission. Our findings suggest that ZNS sputum slides should also be examined routinely for Paragonimus eggs. ZNS technique has potential in epidemiological research on paragonimiasis. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Günther Slesak Saythong Inthalad Phadsana Basy Dalaphone Keomanivong Ounheaun Phoutsavath Somchaivang Khampoui Aude Grosrenaud Vincent Amstutz Hubert Barennes Yves Buisson Peter Odermatt |
author_facet |
Günther Slesak Saythong Inthalad Phadsana Basy Dalaphone Keomanivong Ounheaun Phoutsavath Somchaivang Khampoui Aude Grosrenaud Vincent Amstutz Hubert Barennes Yves Buisson Peter Odermatt |
author_sort |
Günther Slesak |
title |
Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
title_short |
Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
title_full |
Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
title_fullStr |
Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
title_sort |
ziehl-neelsen staining technique can diagnose paragonimiasis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 https://doaj.org/article/2c2973e946f74c7096f8a2eb881d4474 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1048 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3096611?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 https://doaj.org/article/2c2973e946f74c7096f8a2eb881d4474 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e1048 |
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1766346495595905024 |