Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal.
Hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles. Exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors. The Anopheles mosquito transmitting the malari...
Published in: | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 https://doaj.org/article/2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f 2023-05-15T15:10:44+02:00 Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. Ayman Khattab Marta Barroso Tiera Miettinen Seppo Meri 2015-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 https://doaj.org/article/2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4332473?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 https://doaj.org/article/2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e0003513 (2015) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 2022-12-30T22:27:34Z Hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles. Exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors. The Anopheles mosquito transmitting the malaria parasite is an example of hematophagous vectors that within seconds can ingest human blood double its weight. The innate immune defense mechanisms, like the complement system, in the human blood should thereby immediately react against foreign cells in the mosquito midgut. A prerequisite for complement activation is that the target cells lack complement regulators on their surfaces. In this work, we analyzed whether human complement is active in the mosquito midgut, and how the mosquito midgut cells protect themselves against complement attack. We found that complement remained active for a considerable time and was able to kill microbes within the mosquito midgut. However, the Anopheles mosquito midgut cells were not injured. These cells were found to protect themselves by capturing factor H, the main soluble inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway. Factor H inhibited complement on the midgut cells by promoting inactivation of C3b to iC3b and preventing the activity of the alternative pathway amplification C3 convertase enzyme. An interference of the FH regulatory activity by monoclonal antibodies, carried to the midgut via blood, resulted in increased mosquito mortality and reduced fecundity. By using a ligand blotting assay, a putative mosquito midgut FH receptor could be detected. Thereby, we have identified a novel mechanism whereby mosquitoes can tolerate human blood. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9 2 e0003513 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ayman Khattab Marta Barroso Tiera Miettinen Seppo Meri Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Hematophagous vectors strictly require ingesting blood from their hosts to complete their life cycles. Exposure of the alimentary canal of these vectors to the host immune effectors necessitates efficient counteractive measures by hematophagous vectors. The Anopheles mosquito transmitting the malaria parasite is an example of hematophagous vectors that within seconds can ingest human blood double its weight. The innate immune defense mechanisms, like the complement system, in the human blood should thereby immediately react against foreign cells in the mosquito midgut. A prerequisite for complement activation is that the target cells lack complement regulators on their surfaces. In this work, we analyzed whether human complement is active in the mosquito midgut, and how the mosquito midgut cells protect themselves against complement attack. We found that complement remained active for a considerable time and was able to kill microbes within the mosquito midgut. However, the Anopheles mosquito midgut cells were not injured. These cells were found to protect themselves by capturing factor H, the main soluble inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway. Factor H inhibited complement on the midgut cells by promoting inactivation of C3b to iC3b and preventing the activity of the alternative pathway amplification C3 convertase enzyme. An interference of the FH regulatory activity by monoclonal antibodies, carried to the midgut via blood, resulted in increased mosquito mortality and reduced fecundity. By using a ligand blotting assay, a putative mosquito midgut FH receptor could be detected. Thereby, we have identified a novel mechanism whereby mosquitoes can tolerate human blood. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ayman Khattab Marta Barroso Tiera Miettinen Seppo Meri |
author_facet |
Ayman Khattab Marta Barroso Tiera Miettinen Seppo Meri |
author_sort |
Ayman Khattab |
title |
Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
title_short |
Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
title_full |
Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
title_fullStr |
Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor H from the blood meal. |
title_sort |
anopheles midgut epithelium evades human complement activity by capturing factor h from the blood meal. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 https://doaj.org/article/2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e0003513 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4332473?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 https://doaj.org/article/2bb9a818dd174113b75d794e5303b68f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003513 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e0003513 |
_version_ |
1766341701297766400 |