Oxygen isotope composition of the final chamber of planktic foraminifera provides evidence of vertical migration and depth-integrated growth

• Published in: Biogeosciences
• Main Authors: H. Pracht, B. Metcalfe, F. J. C. Peeters
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2019
• Subjects: Ecology; QH540-549.5; Life; QH501-531; Geology; QE1-996.5; Planktonic foraminifera
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-643-2019; https://doaj.org/article/299bb047af684b9bbfb533b6e8b978f4

The translation of the original seawater signal (i.e. ambient temperature and δ 18 O sw ) into distinct chambers of a single shell of a foraminifer during calcification can influence our interpretation of surface ocean conditions of the past, when based upon oxygen and carbon stable isotope geochemistry. In this study three different hypotheses were tested to gain more insight into biological and ecological processes that influence the resultant composition of stable isotopes of oxygen ( δ 18 O ) in the shells of planktonic foraminifera. These hypotheses were related to the shell size; the differences in isotopic composition between the final chamber and the remaining shell; and the differences between different species. Shells of Trilobatus sacculifer , Globigerinoides ruber white and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei were picked from the top of multi-core GS07-150-24, of modern age, offshore of north-eastern Brazil (3 ∘ 46.474 ′ S, 37 ∘ 03.849 ′ W) and analysed for single-shell and single-chamber stable isotope analysis. We show that the mean value of δ 18 O of the final chambers ( δ 18 O F ) is 0.2 ‰ ± 0.4 ‰ ( 1 σ ) higher than the mean value δ 18 O of the test minus the final chamber ( δ 18 O < F ) of T. sacculifer . The formation of the final chamber happens at temperatures that are approximately 1 ∘ C cooler than the chambers formed prior, suggesting both ontogenetic depth migration to deeper water and a potential offset from the surface signal. Furthermore, we show that there is no statistical difference in the δ 18 O sacculifer values of shells of three different size classes of T. sacculifer , although the pattern between the different size classes indicates depth migration during the life and growth of T. sacculifer . Comparison of vital effect corrected δ 18 O shell between T. sacculifer , G. ruber white and N. dutertrei suggests that G. ruber has a slightly shallower depth habitat ( ∼90 –120 m) compared to the other two species ( ∼100 –130 m). Disentangling depth vs. seasonal habitat is complicated given ...