Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic
Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hyd...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 https://doaj.org/article/2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 2023-05-15T16:13:18+02:00 Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 https://doaj.org/article/2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/6/646 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse9060646 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 646, p 646 (2021) geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 2022-12-31T13:21:03Z Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hydrophone and/or as particle velocity of the seabed using a seismometer. This study estimates source levels of 20 Hz fin whale notes recorded simultaneously in these two OBS channels and in two areas of the North Atlantic (Azores and southwest Portugal). It also discusses factors contributing to the variability of the estimates, namely geographical (deployment areas), instrumental (recording channels and sample size), and temporal factors (month of detected notes, inter-note interval, and diving duration). The average source level was 196.9 dB re 1 µPa m for the seismometer (derived from particle velocity measurements) and 186.7 dB re 1 µPa m for the hydrophone. Variability was associated with sample size, instrumental characteristics, acoustic propagation, and month of recordings. Source level estimates were very consistent throughout sequences, and there was no indication of geographical differences. Understanding what causes variation in animal sound source levels provides insights into the function of sounds and helps to assess the potential effects of increasing anthropogenic noise. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fin whale North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9 6 646 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
geophysical instruments bioacoustics of marine mammals underwater acoustic propagation animal communication Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Source level is one factor that determines the effectiveness of animal signal transmissions and their acoustic communication active space. Ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are platforms of opportunity to monitor marine species because they record data as pressure fluctuations in the water using a hydrophone and/or as particle velocity of the seabed using a seismometer. This study estimates source levels of 20 Hz fin whale notes recorded simultaneously in these two OBS channels and in two areas of the North Atlantic (Azores and southwest Portugal). It also discusses factors contributing to the variability of the estimates, namely geographical (deployment areas), instrumental (recording channels and sample size), and temporal factors (month of detected notes, inter-note interval, and diving duration). The average source level was 196.9 dB re 1 µPa m for the seismometer (derived from particle velocity measurements) and 186.7 dB re 1 µPa m for the hydrophone. Variability was associated with sample size, instrumental characteristics, acoustic propagation, and month of recordings. Source level estimates were very consistent throughout sequences, and there was no indication of geographical differences. Understanding what causes variation in animal sound source levels provides insights into the function of sounds and helps to assess the potential effects of increasing anthropogenic noise. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias |
author_facet |
Andreia Pereira Miriam Romagosa Carlos Corela Mónica A. Silva Luis Matias |
author_sort |
Andreia Pereira |
title |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source Levels of 20 Hz Fin Whale Notes Measured as Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity from Ocean-Bottom Seismometers in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
source levels of 20 hz fin whale notes measured as sound pressure and particle velocity from ocean-bottom seismometers in the north atlantic |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 https://doaj.org/article/2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 |
genre |
Fin whale North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Fin whale North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 9, Iss 646, p 646 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/6/646 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse9060646 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/2882d2b04bdd4d2890e32fe23a97d6d1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060646 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
646 |
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1765998967465705472 |