High-speed solar wind streams and polar mesosphere winter echoes at Troll, Antarctica

• Published in: Annales Geophysicae
• Main Authors: S. Kirkwood, A. Osepian, E. Belova, Y.-S. Lee
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2015
• Subjects: Science; Q; Physics; QC1-999; Geophysics. Cosmic physics; QC801-809; Antarctic; Mara; Troll; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-609-2015; https://doaj.org/article/27e8b6cbc3cf4ad7ab2cb635dad077bd

A small, 54 MHz wind-profiler radar, MARA, was operated at Troll, Antarctica (72° S, 2.5° E), continuously from November 2011 to January 2014, covering two complete Antarctic winters. Despite very low power, MARA observed echoes from heights of 55–80 km (polar mesosphere winter echoes, PMWE) on 60%...