West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020)
West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to c...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:279b8b6771d744d5a6aef7bd0a0f4b7f 2023-05-15T17:43:05+02:00 West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 https://doaj.org/article/279b8b6771d744d5a6aef7bd0a0f4b7f EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/3/569 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v14030569 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/279b8b6771d744d5a6aef7bd0a0f4b7f Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 569, p 569 (2022) West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk Microbiology QR1-502 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 2022-12-31T08:23:01Z West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to characterise the first Spanish WNV-L2 isolates and elucidate the potential overwintering of the virus in this Mediterranean region, complete genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and a study of phenotypic characterisation were performed. Our results showed that these Spanish isolates belonged to the central-southern WNV-L2 clade. In more detail, they were related to the Lombardy cluster that emerged in Italy in 2013 and has been able to spread westwards, causing outbreaks in France (2018) and Spain (2017 and 2020). Phenotypic characterisation performed in vitro showed that these isolates presented characteristics corresponding to strains of moderate to high virulence. All these findings evidence that these WNV-L2 strains have been able to circulate and overwinter in the region, and are pathogenic, at least in northern goshawks, which seem to be very susceptible to WNV infection and may be good indicators of WNV-L2 circulation. Due to the increasing number of human and animal cases in Europe in the last years, this zoonotic flavivirus should be kept under extensive surveillance, following a One-Health approach. Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Goshawk Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Viruses 14 3 569 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk Microbiology QR1-502 Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
topic_facet |
West Nile virus lineage-2 Spain phylogeny avian host northern goshawk Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
West Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV-L2) emerged in Europe in 2004; since then, it has spread across the continent, causing outbreaks in humans and animals. During 2017 and 2020, WNV-L2 was detected and isolated from four northern goshawks in two provinces of Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). In order to characterise the first Spanish WNV-L2 isolates and elucidate the potential overwintering of the virus in this Mediterranean region, complete genome sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and a study of phenotypic characterisation were performed. Our results showed that these Spanish isolates belonged to the central-southern WNV-L2 clade. In more detail, they were related to the Lombardy cluster that emerged in Italy in 2013 and has been able to spread westwards, causing outbreaks in France (2018) and Spain (2017 and 2020). Phenotypic characterisation performed in vitro showed that these isolates presented characteristics corresponding to strains of moderate to high virulence. All these findings evidence that these WNV-L2 strains have been able to circulate and overwinter in the region, and are pathogenic, at least in northern goshawks, which seem to be very susceptible to WNV infection and may be good indicators of WNV-L2 circulation. Due to the increasing number of human and animal cases in Europe in the last years, this zoonotic flavivirus should be kept under extensive surveillance, following a One-Health approach. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets |
author_facet |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda Sebastián Napp Francisco Llorente Carlos Solano-Manrique Rafael Molina-López Elena Obón Alba Solé Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero Jovita Fernández-Pinero Núria Busquets |
author_sort |
Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda |
title |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_short |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_full |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_fullStr |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_full_unstemmed |
West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Spreads Westwards in Europe and Overwinters in North-Eastern Spain (2017–2020) |
title_sort |
west nile virus lineage 2 spreads westwards in europe and overwinters in north-eastern spain (2017–2020) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 https://doaj.org/article/279b8b6771d744d5a6aef7bd0a0f4b7f |
genre |
Northern Goshawk |
genre_facet |
Northern Goshawk |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 14, Iss 569, p 569 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/3/569 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v14030569 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/279b8b6771d744d5a6aef7bd0a0f4b7f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030569 |
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Viruses |
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14 |
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3 |
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569 |
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1766145098623483904 |