Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model
Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model and its simulations. The model is built with the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model and OM4.0 ocean model. Top...
Published in: | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/article/2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 2023-05-15T14:01:01+02:00 Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model I. M. Held H. Guo A. Adcroft J. P. Dunne L. W. Horowitz J. Krasting E. Shevliakova M. Winton M. Zhao M. Bushuk A. T. Wittenberg B. Wyman B. Xiang R. Zhang W. Anderson V. Balaji L. Donner K. Dunne J. Durachta P. P. G. Gauthier P. Ginoux J.‐C. Golaz S. M. Griffies R. Hallberg L. Harris M. Harrison W. Hurlin J. John P. Lin S.‐J. Lin S. Malyshev R. Menzel P. C. D. Milly Y. Ming V. Naik D. Paynter F. Paulot V. Ramaswamy B. Reichl T. Robinson A. Rosati C. Seman L. G. Silvers S. Underwood N. Zadeh 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/article/2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 EN eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 1942-2466 doi:10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/article/2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 11, Iss 11, Pp 3691-3727 (2019) coupled climate model GFDL CMIP6 CM4 Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 2022-12-31T01:41:36Z Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model and its simulations. The model is built with the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model and OM4.0 ocean model. Topics include the rationale for key choices made in the model formulation, the stability as well as drift of the preindustrial control simulation, and comparison of key aspects of the historical simulations with observations from recent decades. Notable achievements include the relatively small biases in seasonal spatial patterns of top‐of‐atmosphere fluxes, surface temperature, and precipitation; reduced double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias; dramatically improved representation of ocean boundary currents; a high‐quality simulation of climatological Arctic sea ice extent and its recent decline; and excellent simulation of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation spectrum and structure. Areas of concern include inadequate deep convection in the Nordic Seas; an inaccurate Antarctic sea ice simulation; precipitation and wind composites still affected by the equatorial cold tongue bias; muted variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; strong 100 year quasiperiodicity in Southern Ocean ventilation; and a lack of historical warming before 1990 and too rapid warming thereafter due to high climate sensitivity and strong aerosol forcing, in contrast to the observational record. Overall, CM4.0 scores very well in its fidelity against observations compared to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 generation in terms of both mean state and modes of variability and should prove a valuable new addition for analysis across a broad array of applications. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 11 11 3691 3727 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
coupled climate model GFDL CMIP6 CM4 Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
coupled climate model GFDL CMIP6 CM4 Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 I. M. Held H. Guo A. Adcroft J. P. Dunne L. W. Horowitz J. Krasting E. Shevliakova M. Winton M. Zhao M. Bushuk A. T. Wittenberg B. Wyman B. Xiang R. Zhang W. Anderson V. Balaji L. Donner K. Dunne J. Durachta P. P. G. Gauthier P. Ginoux J.‐C. Golaz S. M. Griffies R. Hallberg L. Harris M. Harrison W. Hurlin J. John P. Lin S.‐J. Lin S. Malyshev R. Menzel P. C. D. Milly Y. Ming V. Naik D. Paynter F. Paulot V. Ramaswamy B. Reichl T. Robinson A. Rosati C. Seman L. G. Silvers S. Underwood N. Zadeh Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
topic_facet |
coupled climate model GFDL CMIP6 CM4 Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model and its simulations. The model is built with the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model and OM4.0 ocean model. Topics include the rationale for key choices made in the model formulation, the stability as well as drift of the preindustrial control simulation, and comparison of key aspects of the historical simulations with observations from recent decades. Notable achievements include the relatively small biases in seasonal spatial patterns of top‐of‐atmosphere fluxes, surface temperature, and precipitation; reduced double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias; dramatically improved representation of ocean boundary currents; a high‐quality simulation of climatological Arctic sea ice extent and its recent decline; and excellent simulation of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation spectrum and structure. Areas of concern include inadequate deep convection in the Nordic Seas; an inaccurate Antarctic sea ice simulation; precipitation and wind composites still affected by the equatorial cold tongue bias; muted variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; strong 100 year quasiperiodicity in Southern Ocean ventilation; and a lack of historical warming before 1990 and too rapid warming thereafter due to high climate sensitivity and strong aerosol forcing, in contrast to the observational record. Overall, CM4.0 scores very well in its fidelity against observations compared to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 generation in terms of both mean state and modes of variability and should prove a valuable new addition for analysis across a broad array of applications. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
I. M. Held H. Guo A. Adcroft J. P. Dunne L. W. Horowitz J. Krasting E. Shevliakova M. Winton M. Zhao M. Bushuk A. T. Wittenberg B. Wyman B. Xiang R. Zhang W. Anderson V. Balaji L. Donner K. Dunne J. Durachta P. P. G. Gauthier P. Ginoux J.‐C. Golaz S. M. Griffies R. Hallberg L. Harris M. Harrison W. Hurlin J. John P. Lin S.‐J. Lin S. Malyshev R. Menzel P. C. D. Milly Y. Ming V. Naik D. Paynter F. Paulot V. Ramaswamy B. Reichl T. Robinson A. Rosati C. Seman L. G. Silvers S. Underwood N. Zadeh |
author_facet |
I. M. Held H. Guo A. Adcroft J. P. Dunne L. W. Horowitz J. Krasting E. Shevliakova M. Winton M. Zhao M. Bushuk A. T. Wittenberg B. Wyman B. Xiang R. Zhang W. Anderson V. Balaji L. Donner K. Dunne J. Durachta P. P. G. Gauthier P. Ginoux J.‐C. Golaz S. M. Griffies R. Hallberg L. Harris M. Harrison W. Hurlin J. John P. Lin S.‐J. Lin S. Malyshev R. Menzel P. C. D. Milly Y. Ming V. Naik D. Paynter F. Paulot V. Ramaswamy B. Reichl T. Robinson A. Rosati C. Seman L. G. Silvers S. Underwood N. Zadeh |
author_sort |
I. M. Held |
title |
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
title_short |
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
title_full |
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
title_fullStr |
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model |
title_sort |
structure and performance of gfdl's cm4.0 climate model |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/article/2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 11, Iss 11, Pp 3691-3727 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 1942-2466 doi:10.1029/2019MS001829 https://doaj.org/article/2783ed629b8548859de4589a835f3983 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001829 |
container_title |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
3691 |
op_container_end_page |
3727 |
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1766270468017356800 |