A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wild freshwater fish health status using a vast array of biomarkers as predictive factors of pollutant exposure. The European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ), resident in rivers with different degrees of pollution in t...
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MDPI AG
2023
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:25927b0228924741876855e6d394737c 2024-01-21T09:59:08+01:00 A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution Graziella Orso Roberta Imperatore Elena Coccia Gianluca Rinaldi Domenico Cicchella Marina Paolucci 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120219 https://doaj.org/article/25927b0228924741876855e6d394737c EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/10/12/219 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 doi:10.3390/environments10120219 2076-3298 https://doaj.org/article/25927b0228924741876855e6d394737c Environments, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 219 (2023) European Anguilla brown trout river pollution histopathological biomarkers liver blood Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120219 2023-12-24T01:37:22Z The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wild freshwater fish health status using a vast array of biomarkers as predictive factors of pollutant exposure. The European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ), resident in rivers with different degrees of pollution in the South of Italy (Picentino River with good environmental quality and Tusciano River with low environmental quality), were examined using biometric parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical biomarkers to evaluate the health status and a possible correlation with the water quality. Several alterations identified in the liver positively correlated with water and soil pollutants: hemorrhage ( p ≤ 0.05), cytoplasmic vacuolization ( p ≤ 0.01), hemosiderosis ( p ≤ 0.05), irregular arrangement of hepatocytes ( p ≤ 0.01), lipid accumulation ( p ≤ 0.05), necrosis ( p ≤ 0.01), cellular hyperplasia ( p ≤ 0.05), leukocyte infiltration ( p ≤ 0.01) and melanomacrophages centers (MMC) ( p ≤ 0.01). In the spleen, only hemosiderosis correlated with water and soil pollutants ( p ≤ 0.05). The inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and ciclooxigenase 2 (COX2) responded to the environmental pollution, as well as the oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities were found to be significantly higher in the blood of both the European eel ( p < 0.0001) and brown trout ( p < 0.001) in the Tusciano River compared with the Picentino River. Taken together, these results outline the need to increase the number of suitable biomarkers to assess fish health and reinforce the importance of employing additional biomarkers in biomonitoring programs that can be applied to evaluate water quality and in environmental assessment around the world. Article in Journal/Newspaper Anguilla anguilla Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Environments 10 12 219 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
European Anguilla brown trout river pollution histopathological biomarkers liver blood Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 |
spellingShingle |
European Anguilla brown trout river pollution histopathological biomarkers liver blood Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Graziella Orso Roberta Imperatore Elena Coccia Gianluca Rinaldi Domenico Cicchella Marina Paolucci A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
topic_facet |
European Anguilla brown trout river pollution histopathological biomarkers liver blood Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 |
description |
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wild freshwater fish health status using a vast array of biomarkers as predictive factors of pollutant exposure. The European eel ( Anguilla anguilla ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ), resident in rivers with different degrees of pollution in the South of Italy (Picentino River with good environmental quality and Tusciano River with low environmental quality), were examined using biometric parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical biomarkers to evaluate the health status and a possible correlation with the water quality. Several alterations identified in the liver positively correlated with water and soil pollutants: hemorrhage ( p ≤ 0.05), cytoplasmic vacuolization ( p ≤ 0.01), hemosiderosis ( p ≤ 0.05), irregular arrangement of hepatocytes ( p ≤ 0.01), lipid accumulation ( p ≤ 0.05), necrosis ( p ≤ 0.01), cellular hyperplasia ( p ≤ 0.05), leukocyte infiltration ( p ≤ 0.01) and melanomacrophages centers (MMC) ( p ≤ 0.01). In the spleen, only hemosiderosis correlated with water and soil pollutants ( p ≤ 0.05). The inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and ciclooxigenase 2 (COX2) responded to the environmental pollution, as well as the oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities were found to be significantly higher in the blood of both the European eel ( p < 0.0001) and brown trout ( p < 0.001) in the Tusciano River compared with the Picentino River. Taken together, these results outline the need to increase the number of suitable biomarkers to assess fish health and reinforce the importance of employing additional biomarkers in biomonitoring programs that can be applied to evaluate water quality and in environmental assessment around the world. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Graziella Orso Roberta Imperatore Elena Coccia Gianluca Rinaldi Domenico Cicchella Marina Paolucci |
author_facet |
Graziella Orso Roberta Imperatore Elena Coccia Gianluca Rinaldi Domenico Cicchella Marina Paolucci |
author_sort |
Graziella Orso |
title |
A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
title_short |
A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
title_full |
A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
title_fullStr |
A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Deep Survey of Fish Health for the Recognition of Useful Biomarkers to Monitor Water Pollution |
title_sort |
deep survey of fish health for the recognition of useful biomarkers to monitor water pollution |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120219 https://doaj.org/article/25927b0228924741876855e6d394737c |
genre |
Anguilla anguilla |
genre_facet |
Anguilla anguilla |
op_source |
Environments, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 219 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/10/12/219 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 doi:10.3390/environments10120219 2076-3298 https://doaj.org/article/25927b0228924741876855e6d394737c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120219 |
container_title |
Environments |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
219 |
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1788694175095455744 |