Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China.
Background Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the common human infectious diseases in China. Previous studies have described HFMD in tropical or coastal areas of Asia-Pacific countries. However, limited studies have thoroughly studied the epidemiology and potential risk factors fo...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:24ef73b929c14ffa8094ce91cac466d5 2023-05-15T15:15:32+02:00 Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. Ruifang Huang Jiate Wei Zhenwei Li Zhenguo Gao Muti Mahe Wuchun Cao 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/article/24ef73b929c14ffa8094ce91cac466d5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/article/24ef73b929c14ffa8094ce91cac466d5 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e0009210 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 2022-12-31T07:51:24Z Background Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the common human infectious diseases in China. Previous studies have described HFMD in tropical or coastal areas of Asia-Pacific countries. However, limited studies have thoroughly studied the epidemiology and potential risk factors for HFMD in inland areas with complex environmental conditions. Methodology/principal findings Using the data from 2009 to 2018 on reported cases of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, we characterized the epidemic features of HFMD. Panel negative binomial model was used to identify climate, geographical and demographic determinants for HFMD incidence. A total of 70856 HFMD cases (average annual incidence: 305 per million persons) were reported in Xinjiang during the 10-year study period, of which 10393 (14.7%) were laboratory-confirmed and 98 (0.1%) were severe. HFMD peaked in summer every year during the study period, and incidence in 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2018 had minor peaks in autumn. After adjusting the school or holiday month, multiple factors were found to affect HFMD epidemiology: urban area being major land cover type (incidence risk ratio, IRR 2.08; 95% CI 1.50, 2.89), higher gross domestic product per capita (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11, 1.16), rise in monthly average temperature (IRR 1.65; 95% CI 1.61, 1.69) and monthly accumulative precipitation (IRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.24) predicted increase in the incidence of HFMD; farmland being major land cover type (IRR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64, 0.81), an increase of percentage of the minority (IRR 0.91; 95% CI 0.89, 0.93) and population density (IRR 0.98; 95% CI 0.98, 0.99) were related to a decrease in the incidence of HFMD. Conclusions/significance In conclusion, the epidemic status of HFMD in Xinjiang is characterized by low morbidity and fatality. Multiple factors have significant influences on the occurrence and transmission of HFMD in Xinjiang. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Pacific PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 3 e0009210 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ruifang Huang Jiate Wei Zhenwei Li Zhenguo Gao Muti Mahe Wuchun Cao Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is becoming one of the common human infectious diseases in China. Previous studies have described HFMD in tropical or coastal areas of Asia-Pacific countries. However, limited studies have thoroughly studied the epidemiology and potential risk factors for HFMD in inland areas with complex environmental conditions. Methodology/principal findings Using the data from 2009 to 2018 on reported cases of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, we characterized the epidemic features of HFMD. Panel negative binomial model was used to identify climate, geographical and demographic determinants for HFMD incidence. A total of 70856 HFMD cases (average annual incidence: 305 per million persons) were reported in Xinjiang during the 10-year study period, of which 10393 (14.7%) were laboratory-confirmed and 98 (0.1%) were severe. HFMD peaked in summer every year during the study period, and incidence in 2012, 2015, 2016 and 2018 had minor peaks in autumn. After adjusting the school or holiday month, multiple factors were found to affect HFMD epidemiology: urban area being major land cover type (incidence risk ratio, IRR 2.08; 95% CI 1.50, 2.89), higher gross domestic product per capita (IRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11, 1.16), rise in monthly average temperature (IRR 1.65; 95% CI 1.61, 1.69) and monthly accumulative precipitation (IRR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.24) predicted increase in the incidence of HFMD; farmland being major land cover type (IRR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64, 0.81), an increase of percentage of the minority (IRR 0.91; 95% CI 0.89, 0.93) and population density (IRR 0.98; 95% CI 0.98, 0.99) were related to a decrease in the incidence of HFMD. Conclusions/significance In conclusion, the epidemic status of HFMD in Xinjiang is characterized by low morbidity and fatality. Multiple factors have significant influences on the occurrence and transmission of HFMD in Xinjiang. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ruifang Huang Jiate Wei Zhenwei Li Zhenguo Gao Muti Mahe Wuchun Cao |
author_facet |
Ruifang Huang Jiate Wei Zhenwei Li Zhenguo Gao Muti Mahe Wuchun Cao |
author_sort |
Ruifang Huang |
title |
Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
title_short |
Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
title_full |
Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
title_fullStr |
Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland China. |
title_sort |
spatial-temporal mapping and risk factors for hand foot and mouth disease in northwestern inland china. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/article/24ef73b929c14ffa8094ce91cac466d5 |
geographic |
Arctic Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Pacific |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e0009210 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 https://doaj.org/article/24ef73b929c14ffa8094ce91cac466d5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009210 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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15 |
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3 |
container_start_page |
e0009210 |
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1766345908594671616 |