Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:239de89761d94f54ad0336ae64d1a3c1 2023-05-15T13:49:12+02:00 Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Doreen Kohlbach Benjamin A. Lange Fokje L. Schaafsma Carmen David Martina Vortkamp Martin Graeve Jan A. van Franeker Thomas Krumpen Hauke Flores 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 https://doaj.org/article/239de89761d94f54ad0336ae64d1a3c1 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 https://doaj.org/article/239de89761d94f54ad0336ae64d1a3c1 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 4 (2017) Antarctic krill Euphausia superba fisheries resources carbon sources ice algae marker fatty acids Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 2022-12-30T21:48:16Z Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely low production by pelagic algae during winter, krill are assumed to rely partly on carbon produced by ice algae. The true dependency on ice algae-produced carbon, however, is so far unquantified. This confounds predictions on the future resilience of krill stocks to sea ice decline. Fatty acid (FA) analysis, bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated marker FAs were applied to quantify the dependency of overwintering larval, juvenile, and adult krill on ice algae-produced carbon (αIce) during winter 2013 in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the carbon uptake of the overwintering larval and juvenile krill originated from ice algae (up to 88% of the carbon budget), and that the dependency on ice algal carbon decreased with ontogeny, reaching <56% of the carbon budget in adults. Spatio-temporal variability in the utilization of ice algal carbon was more pronounced in larvae and juvenile krill than in adults. Differences between αIce estimates derived from short- vs. long-term FA-specific isotopic compositions suggested that ice algae-produced carbon gained importance as the winter progressed, and might become critical at the late winter-spring transition, before the phytoplankton bloom commences. Where the sea ice season shortens, reduced availability of ice algae might possibly not be compensated by surplus phytoplankton production during wintertime. Hence, sea ice decline could seriously endanger the winter survival of recruits, and subsequently overall biomass of krill. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Weddell Frontiers in Marine Science 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba fisheries resources carbon sources ice algae marker fatty acids Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba fisheries resources carbon sources ice algae marker fatty acids Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Doreen Kohlbach Benjamin A. Lange Fokje L. Schaafsma Carmen David Martina Vortkamp Martin Graeve Jan A. van Franeker Thomas Krumpen Hauke Flores Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
topic_facet |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba fisheries resources carbon sources ice algae marker fatty acids Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely low production by pelagic algae during winter, krill are assumed to rely partly on carbon produced by ice algae. The true dependency on ice algae-produced carbon, however, is so far unquantified. This confounds predictions on the future resilience of krill stocks to sea ice decline. Fatty acid (FA) analysis, bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated marker FAs were applied to quantify the dependency of overwintering larval, juvenile, and adult krill on ice algae-produced carbon (αIce) during winter 2013 in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the carbon uptake of the overwintering larval and juvenile krill originated from ice algae (up to 88% of the carbon budget), and that the dependency on ice algal carbon decreased with ontogeny, reaching <56% of the carbon budget in adults. Spatio-temporal variability in the utilization of ice algal carbon was more pronounced in larvae and juvenile krill than in adults. Differences between αIce estimates derived from short- vs. long-term FA-specific isotopic compositions suggested that ice algae-produced carbon gained importance as the winter progressed, and might become critical at the late winter-spring transition, before the phytoplankton bloom commences. Where the sea ice season shortens, reduced availability of ice algae might possibly not be compensated by surplus phytoplankton production during wintertime. Hence, sea ice decline could seriously endanger the winter survival of recruits, and subsequently overall biomass of krill. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Doreen Kohlbach Benjamin A. Lange Fokje L. Schaafsma Carmen David Martina Vortkamp Martin Graeve Jan A. van Franeker Thomas Krumpen Hauke Flores |
author_facet |
Doreen Kohlbach Benjamin A. Lange Fokje L. Schaafsma Carmen David Martina Vortkamp Martin Graeve Jan A. van Franeker Thomas Krumpen Hauke Flores |
author_sort |
Doreen Kohlbach |
title |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_short |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_full |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_fullStr |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba |
title_sort |
ice algae-produced carbon is critical for overwintering of antarctic krill euphausia superba |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 https://doaj.org/article/239de89761d94f54ad0336ae64d1a3c1 |
geographic |
Antarctic Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Weddell |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba ice algae Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 4 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 https://doaj.org/article/239de89761d94f54ad0336ae64d1a3c1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00310 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
4 |
_version_ |
1766250994646122496 |