Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems
Abstract Background Malaria is a major health concern for displaced persons occupying refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the incidence of infection and nature of transmission in these settings. Kakuma Refugee Camp, located in a dry area of north-western Kenya, ha...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:237c6a8b96b34daa82f09af20932963b 2023-05-15T15:17:16+02:00 Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems Cetron Martin S Armstrong Gregory L Burke Heather Williams Holly A Koros Dan Walker Edward D Engoki Sammy C Sang David Ombok Maurice Akhwale Willis Nabie Bayoh M Weinberg Michelle Breiman Robert Hamel Mary J 2011-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 https://doaj.org/article/237c6a8b96b34daa82f09af20932963b EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/149 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/237c6a8b96b34daa82f09af20932963b Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 149 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 2022-12-31T01:21:48Z Abstract Background Malaria is a major health concern for displaced persons occupying refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the incidence of infection and nature of transmission in these settings. Kakuma Refugee Camp, located in a dry area of north-western Kenya, has hosted ca. 60,000 to 90,000 refugees since 1992, primarily from Sudan and Somalia. The purpose of this study was to investigate malaria prevalence and attack rate and sources of Anopheles vectors in Kakuma refugee camp, in 2005-2006, after a malaria epidemic was observed by staff at camp clinics. Methods Malaria prevalence and attack rate was estimated from cases of fever presenting to camp clinics and the hospital in August 2005, using rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy of blood smears. Larval habitats of vectors were sampled and mapped. Houses were sampled for adult vectors using the pyrethrum knockdown spray method, and mapped. Vectors were identified to species level and their infection with Plasmodium falciparum determined. Results Prevalence of febrile illness with P. falciparum was highest among the 5 to 17 year olds (62.4%) while malaria attack rate was highest among the two to 4 year olds (5.2/1,000/day). Infected individuals were spatially concentrated in three of the 11 residential zones of the camp. The indoor densities of Anopheles arabiensis , the sole malaria vector, were similar during the wet and dry seasons, but were distributed in an aggregated fashion and predominantly in the same zones where malaria attack rates were high. Larval habitats and larval populations were also concentrated in these zones. Larval habitats were man-made pits of water associated with tap-stands installed as the water delivery system to residents with year round availability in the camp. Three percent of A. arabiensis adult females were infected with P. falciparum sporozoites in the rainy season. Conclusions Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp was due mainly to infection with P. falciparum and showed a hyperendemic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 10 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Cetron Martin S Armstrong Gregory L Burke Heather Williams Holly A Koros Dan Walker Edward D Engoki Sammy C Sang David Ombok Maurice Akhwale Willis Nabie Bayoh M Weinberg Michelle Breiman Robert Hamel Mary J Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria is a major health concern for displaced persons occupying refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there is little information on the incidence of infection and nature of transmission in these settings. Kakuma Refugee Camp, located in a dry area of north-western Kenya, has hosted ca. 60,000 to 90,000 refugees since 1992, primarily from Sudan and Somalia. The purpose of this study was to investigate malaria prevalence and attack rate and sources of Anopheles vectors in Kakuma refugee camp, in 2005-2006, after a malaria epidemic was observed by staff at camp clinics. Methods Malaria prevalence and attack rate was estimated from cases of fever presenting to camp clinics and the hospital in August 2005, using rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy of blood smears. Larval habitats of vectors were sampled and mapped. Houses were sampled for adult vectors using the pyrethrum knockdown spray method, and mapped. Vectors were identified to species level and their infection with Plasmodium falciparum determined. Results Prevalence of febrile illness with P. falciparum was highest among the 5 to 17 year olds (62.4%) while malaria attack rate was highest among the two to 4 year olds (5.2/1,000/day). Infected individuals were spatially concentrated in three of the 11 residential zones of the camp. The indoor densities of Anopheles arabiensis , the sole malaria vector, were similar during the wet and dry seasons, but were distributed in an aggregated fashion and predominantly in the same zones where malaria attack rates were high. Larval habitats and larval populations were also concentrated in these zones. Larval habitats were man-made pits of water associated with tap-stands installed as the water delivery system to residents with year round availability in the camp. Three percent of A. arabiensis adult females were infected with P. falciparum sporozoites in the rainy season. Conclusions Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp was due mainly to infection with P. falciparum and showed a hyperendemic ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cetron Martin S Armstrong Gregory L Burke Heather Williams Holly A Koros Dan Walker Edward D Engoki Sammy C Sang David Ombok Maurice Akhwale Willis Nabie Bayoh M Weinberg Michelle Breiman Robert Hamel Mary J |
author_facet |
Cetron Martin S Armstrong Gregory L Burke Heather Williams Holly A Koros Dan Walker Edward D Engoki Sammy C Sang David Ombok Maurice Akhwale Willis Nabie Bayoh M Weinberg Michelle Breiman Robert Hamel Mary J |
author_sort |
Cetron Martin S |
title |
Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
title_short |
Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
title_full |
Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
title_fullStr |
Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Malaria in Kakuma refugee camp, Turkana, Kenya: facilitation of Anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
title_sort |
malaria in kakuma refugee camp, turkana, kenya: facilitation of anopheles arabiensis vector populations by installed water distribution and catchment systems |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 https://doaj.org/article/237c6a8b96b34daa82f09af20932963b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 149 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/149 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/237c6a8b96b34daa82f09af20932963b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-149 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766347517391273984 |