Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background In clinical trials of therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, there are usually some patients who fail treatment even in the absence of drug resistance. Treatment failures, which can be due to recrudescence or re-infection, are categorized as ‘clinical’ or ‘parasitologic...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:237bb41b68cd46d2bb7a307b5ed97779 2023-05-15T15:15:29+02:00 Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis Rida Mumtaz Lucy C. Okell Joseph D. Challenger 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 https://doaj.org/article/237bb41b68cd46d2bb7a307b5ed97779 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/237bb41b68cd46d2bb7a307b5ed97779 Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin-based combination therapy Artemether–lumefantrine Clinical trials Treatment failure Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 2022-12-31T07:46:57Z Abstract Background In clinical trials of therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, there are usually some patients who fail treatment even in the absence of drug resistance. Treatment failures, which can be due to recrudescence or re-infection, are categorized as ‘clinical’ or ‘parasitological’ failures, the former indicating that symptoms have returned. Asymptomatic recrudescence has public health implications for continued malaria transmission and may be important for the spread of drug-resistant malaria. As the number of recrudescences in an individual trial is often low, it is difficult to assess how commonplace asymptomatic recrudescence is, and with what factors it is associated. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out on clinical trials of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in patients seeking treatment for symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and information on symptoms during treatment failure was recorded. Only treatment failures examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included, so as to exclude re-infections. A multivariable Bayesian regression model was used to explore factors potentially explaining the proportion of recrudescent infections which are symptomatic across the trials included in the study. Results Across 60 published trials, including 9137 malaria patients, 37.8% [95% CIs (26.6–49.4%)] of recrudescences were symptomatic. A positive association was found between transmission intensity and the observed proportion of recrudescences that were asymptomatic. Symptoms were more likely to return in trials that only enrolled children aged < 72 months [odds ratio = 1.62, 95% CIs (1.01, 2.59)]. However, 84 studies had to be excluded from this analysis, as recrudescences were not specified as symptomatic or asymptomatic. Conclusions AL, the most widely used treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum in Africa, remains a highly efficacious drug in most endemic countries. However in the small proportion of patients where AL does not clear parasitaemia, the majority ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 19 1 |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin-based combination therapy Artemether–lumefantrine Clinical trials Treatment failure Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin-based combination therapy Artemether–lumefantrine Clinical trials Treatment failure Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Rida Mumtaz Lucy C. Okell Joseph D. Challenger Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic_facet |
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin-based combination therapy Artemether–lumefantrine Clinical trials Treatment failure Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background In clinical trials of therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum, there are usually some patients who fail treatment even in the absence of drug resistance. Treatment failures, which can be due to recrudescence or re-infection, are categorized as ‘clinical’ or ‘parasitological’ failures, the former indicating that symptoms have returned. Asymptomatic recrudescence has public health implications for continued malaria transmission and may be important for the spread of drug-resistant malaria. As the number of recrudescences in an individual trial is often low, it is difficult to assess how commonplace asymptomatic recrudescence is, and with what factors it is associated. Methods A systematic literature review was carried out on clinical trials of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in patients seeking treatment for symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and information on symptoms during treatment failure was recorded. Only treatment failures examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included, so as to exclude re-infections. A multivariable Bayesian regression model was used to explore factors potentially explaining the proportion of recrudescent infections which are symptomatic across the trials included in the study. Results Across 60 published trials, including 9137 malaria patients, 37.8% [95% CIs (26.6–49.4%)] of recrudescences were symptomatic. A positive association was found between transmission intensity and the observed proportion of recrudescences that were asymptomatic. Symptoms were more likely to return in trials that only enrolled children aged < 72 months [odds ratio = 1.62, 95% CIs (1.01, 2.59)]. However, 84 studies had to be excluded from this analysis, as recrudescences were not specified as symptomatic or asymptomatic. Conclusions AL, the most widely used treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum in Africa, remains a highly efficacious drug in most endemic countries. However in the small proportion of patients where AL does not clear parasitaemia, the majority ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rida Mumtaz Lucy C. Okell Joseph D. Challenger |
author_facet |
Rida Mumtaz Lucy C. Okell Joseph D. Challenger |
author_sort |
Rida Mumtaz |
title |
Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_short |
Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full |
Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort |
asymptomatic recrudescence after artemether–lumefantrine treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 https://doaj.org/article/237bb41b68cd46d2bb7a307b5ed97779 |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/237bb41b68cd46d2bb7a307b5ed97779 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03520-1 |
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Malaria Journal |
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19 |
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1766345850162774016 |