Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra
Vegetation changes, such as shrub encroachment and wetland expansion, have been observed in many Arctic tundra regions. These changes feed back to permafrost and climate. Permafrost can be protected by soil shading through vegetation as it reduces the amount of solar energy available for thawing. Re...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2277cd3caf7d45f1a341099c85530bdd 2023-05-15T13:03:33+02:00 Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra I. Juszak W. Eugster M. M. P. D. Heijmans G. Schaepman-Strub 2016-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 https://doaj.org/article/2277cd3caf7d45f1a341099c85530bdd EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/4049/2016/bg-13-4049-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 https://doaj.org/article/2277cd3caf7d45f1a341099c85530bdd Biogeosciences, Vol 13, Iss 13, Pp 4049-4064 (2016) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 2022-12-31T12:31:37Z Vegetation changes, such as shrub encroachment and wetland expansion, have been observed in many Arctic tundra regions. These changes feed back to permafrost and climate. Permafrost can be protected by soil shading through vegetation as it reduces the amount of solar energy available for thawing. Regional climate can be affected by a reduction in surface albedo as more energy is available for atmospheric and soil heating. Here, we compared the shortwave radiation budget of two common Arctic tundra vegetation types dominated by dwarf shrubs ( Betula nana ) and wet sedges ( Eriophorum angustifolium ) in North-East Siberia. We measured time series of the shortwave and longwave radiation budget above the canopy and transmitted radiation below the canopy. Additionally, we quantified soil temperature and heat flux as well as active layer thickness. The mean growing season albedo of dwarf shrubs was 0.15 ± 0.01, for sedges it was higher (0.17 ± 0.02). Dwarf shrub transmittance was 0.36 ± 0.07 on average, and sedge transmittance was 0.28 ± 0.08. The standing dead leaves contributed strongly to the soil shading of wet sedges. Despite a lower albedo and less soil shading, the soil below dwarf shrubs conducted less heat resulting in a 17 cm shallower active layer as compared to sedges. This result was supported by additional, spatially distributed measurements of both vegetation types. Clouds were a major influencing factor for albedo and transmittance, particularly in sedge vegetation. Cloud cover reduced the albedo by 0.01 in dwarf shrubs and by 0.03 in sedges, while transmittance was increased by 0.08 and 0.10 in dwarf shrubs and sedges, respectively. Our results suggest that the observed deeper active layer below wet sedges is not primarily a result of the summer canopy radiation budget. Soil properties, such as soil albedo, moisture, and thermal conductivity, may be more influential, at least in our comparison between dwarf shrub vegetation on relatively dry patches and sedge vegetation with higher soil moisture. Article in Journal/Newspaper Active layer thickness albedo Arctic Betula nana Eriophorum permafrost Tundra Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Biogeosciences 13 13 4049 4064 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 I. Juszak W. Eugster M. M. P. D. Heijmans G. Schaepman-Strub Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Vegetation changes, such as shrub encroachment and wetland expansion, have been observed in many Arctic tundra regions. These changes feed back to permafrost and climate. Permafrost can be protected by soil shading through vegetation as it reduces the amount of solar energy available for thawing. Regional climate can be affected by a reduction in surface albedo as more energy is available for atmospheric and soil heating. Here, we compared the shortwave radiation budget of two common Arctic tundra vegetation types dominated by dwarf shrubs ( Betula nana ) and wet sedges ( Eriophorum angustifolium ) in North-East Siberia. We measured time series of the shortwave and longwave radiation budget above the canopy and transmitted radiation below the canopy. Additionally, we quantified soil temperature and heat flux as well as active layer thickness. The mean growing season albedo of dwarf shrubs was 0.15 ± 0.01, for sedges it was higher (0.17 ± 0.02). Dwarf shrub transmittance was 0.36 ± 0.07 on average, and sedge transmittance was 0.28 ± 0.08. The standing dead leaves contributed strongly to the soil shading of wet sedges. Despite a lower albedo and less soil shading, the soil below dwarf shrubs conducted less heat resulting in a 17 cm shallower active layer as compared to sedges. This result was supported by additional, spatially distributed measurements of both vegetation types. Clouds were a major influencing factor for albedo and transmittance, particularly in sedge vegetation. Cloud cover reduced the albedo by 0.01 in dwarf shrubs and by 0.03 in sedges, while transmittance was increased by 0.08 and 0.10 in dwarf shrubs and sedges, respectively. Our results suggest that the observed deeper active layer below wet sedges is not primarily a result of the summer canopy radiation budget. Soil properties, such as soil albedo, moisture, and thermal conductivity, may be more influential, at least in our comparison between dwarf shrub vegetation on relatively dry patches and sedge vegetation with higher soil moisture. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
I. Juszak W. Eugster M. M. P. D. Heijmans G. Schaepman-Strub |
author_facet |
I. Juszak W. Eugster M. M. P. D. Heijmans G. Schaepman-Strub |
author_sort |
I. Juszak |
title |
Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
title_short |
Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
title_full |
Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
title_fullStr |
Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
title_full_unstemmed |
Contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in Arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
title_sort |
contrasting radiation and soil heat fluxes in arctic shrub and wet sedge tundra |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 https://doaj.org/article/2277cd3caf7d45f1a341099c85530bdd |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Active layer thickness albedo Arctic Betula nana Eriophorum permafrost Tundra Siberia |
genre_facet |
Active layer thickness albedo Arctic Betula nana Eriophorum permafrost Tundra Siberia |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 13, Iss 13, Pp 4049-4064 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/4049/2016/bg-13-4049-2016.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 1726-4170 1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 https://doaj.org/article/2277cd3caf7d45f1a341099c85530bdd |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4049-2016 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
13 |
container_start_page |
4049 |
op_container_end_page |
4064 |
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1766339232619560960 |