Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa
Abstract Background In Benin, malaria vector control mostly relies on long-lasting, insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) operations. From 2011 to 2016, an IRS programme has been implemented in Atacora region. However, in 2017 the programme was withdrawn from two o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:2191ffc584dc4bcb9b3b59753651d93a 2023-05-15T15:16:33+02:00 Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa Rock Yves Aïkpon Gil Padonou Fortuné Dagnon Razaki Ossè Aurore Ogouyemi Hounto Filémon Tokponon Gorgias Aïkpon Laurent Lyikirenga Martin Akogbéto 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 https://doaj.org/article/2191ffc584dc4bcb9b3b59753651d93a EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/2191ffc584dc4bcb9b3b59753651d93a Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) Indoor residual spraying Withdrawal Malaria Upsurge Benin Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 2022-12-31T10:53:58Z Abstract Background In Benin, malaria vector control mostly relies on long-lasting, insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) operations. From 2011 to 2016, an IRS programme has been implemented in Atacora region. However, in 2017 the programme was withdrawn from two other regions in the northern part of the country, with hopes that gains would be relatively sustained because of the seasonality of malaria transmission. What would be the vulnerability of populations to malaria after the withdrawal of IRS? Methods Monthly mosquito collections were performed through human landing captures (HLCs) for 24 months (from January to December 2016 during the last IRS campaign, and from January to December 2018, 2 years after the withdrawal of IRS). Vector mosquitoes biting density was sampled by HLC and was tested for presence of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The carcass of these mosquitoes (abdomens, wing, legs) were subjected to molecular species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results It is noticed a drastic increase (~ 3 times higher) of vector abundance after the withdrawal of IRS. Mosquito biting rates in the 3 survey districts increased significantly after IRS was withdrawn. In 2018, after IRS cessation a significant increase of entomological inoculation rate was recorded, where each inhabitant received an average of 94.9 infected bites/year to 129.21 infected bites/year against an average of 17.15 infected bites/year to 24.82 infected bites/year in 2016. Conclusion It is obvious that the withdrawal of IRS confers a vulnerability of the population with regard to the malaria transmission. Robust monitoring is needed to better understand when and where IRS should be most adequate, or can be safely withdrawn. In case of withdrawal, adapted accompanying measures should be proposed according to the context not only to maintain the gains capitalized with IRS, but also to avoid any rebound of transmission. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 19 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
Indoor residual spraying Withdrawal Malaria Upsurge Benin Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Indoor residual spraying Withdrawal Malaria Upsurge Benin Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Rock Yves Aïkpon Gil Padonou Fortuné Dagnon Razaki Ossè Aurore Ogouyemi Hounto Filémon Tokponon Gorgias Aïkpon Laurent Lyikirenga Martin Akogbéto Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
topic_facet |
Indoor residual spraying Withdrawal Malaria Upsurge Benin Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background In Benin, malaria vector control mostly relies on long-lasting, insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) operations. From 2011 to 2016, an IRS programme has been implemented in Atacora region. However, in 2017 the programme was withdrawn from two other regions in the northern part of the country, with hopes that gains would be relatively sustained because of the seasonality of malaria transmission. What would be the vulnerability of populations to malaria after the withdrawal of IRS? Methods Monthly mosquito collections were performed through human landing captures (HLCs) for 24 months (from January to December 2016 during the last IRS campaign, and from January to December 2018, 2 years after the withdrawal of IRS). Vector mosquitoes biting density was sampled by HLC and was tested for presence of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The carcass of these mosquitoes (abdomens, wing, legs) were subjected to molecular species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Results It is noticed a drastic increase (~ 3 times higher) of vector abundance after the withdrawal of IRS. Mosquito biting rates in the 3 survey districts increased significantly after IRS was withdrawn. In 2018, after IRS cessation a significant increase of entomological inoculation rate was recorded, where each inhabitant received an average of 94.9 infected bites/year to 129.21 infected bites/year against an average of 17.15 infected bites/year to 24.82 infected bites/year in 2016. Conclusion It is obvious that the withdrawal of IRS confers a vulnerability of the population with regard to the malaria transmission. Robust monitoring is needed to better understand when and where IRS should be most adequate, or can be safely withdrawn. In case of withdrawal, adapted accompanying measures should be proposed according to the context not only to maintain the gains capitalized with IRS, but also to avoid any rebound of transmission. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rock Yves Aïkpon Gil Padonou Fortuné Dagnon Razaki Ossè Aurore Ogouyemi Hounto Filémon Tokponon Gorgias Aïkpon Laurent Lyikirenga Martin Akogbéto |
author_facet |
Rock Yves Aïkpon Gil Padonou Fortuné Dagnon Razaki Ossè Aurore Ogouyemi Hounto Filémon Tokponon Gorgias Aïkpon Laurent Lyikirenga Martin Akogbéto |
author_sort |
Rock Yves Aïkpon |
title |
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
title_short |
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
title_full |
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
title_fullStr |
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa |
title_sort |
upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in atacora region in benin, west africa |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 https://doaj.org/article/2191ffc584dc4bcb9b3b59753651d93a |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/2191ffc584dc4bcb9b3b59753651d93a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3086-2 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766346846264885248 |