Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand
Abstract On 27 April 2016, White Island erupted in a multi-pulse, phreatic event that lasted for ~ 40 min. Six, variably sized pulses generated three ballistic ejections and at least one pyroclastic surge out of the inner crater and onto the main crater floor. Deposit mapping of the pyroclastic surg...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:214e02461f2848a8bda4b420a2b7efd0 2023-05-15T18:43:35+02:00 Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand Geoff Kilgour Stephanie Gates Ben Kennedy Aaron Farquhar Ame McSporran Cameron Asher 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 https://doaj.org/article/214e02461f2848a8bda4b420a2b7efd0 EN eng SpringerOpen http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1880-5981 doi:10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 1880-5981 https://doaj.org/article/214e02461f2848a8bda4b420a2b7efd0 Earth, Planets and Space, Vol 71, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2019) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 2022-12-31T12:00:32Z Abstract On 27 April 2016, White Island erupted in a multi-pulse, phreatic event that lasted for ~ 40 min. Six, variably sized pulses generated three ballistic ejections and at least one pyroclastic surge out of the inner crater and onto the main crater floor. Deposit mapping of the pyroclastic surge and directed ballistic ejecta, combined with numerical modelling, is used to constrain the volume of the ejecta and the energetics of the eruption. Vent locations and directionality of the eruption are constrained by the ballistic modelling, suggesting that the vent/s were angled towards the east. Using these data, a model is developed that comports with the field and geophysical data. One of the main factors modifying the dispersal of the eruption deposits is the inner crater wall, which is ~ 20 m high. This wall prevents some of the pyroclastic surge and ballistic ejecta from being deposited onto the main crater floor but also promotes significant inflation of the surge, generating a semi-buoyant plume that deposits ash high on the crater walls. While the eruption is small volume, the complexity determined from the deposits provides a case study with which to assess the relatively frequent hazards posed by active volcanoes that host hydrothermal systems. The deposits of this and similar eruptions are readily eroded, and for complete understanding of volcanic hazards, it is necessary to make observations and collect samples soon after these events. Article in Journal/Newspaper White Island Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Inner Crater ENVELOPE(167.167,167.167,-77.533,-77.533) Main Crater ENVELOPE(167.167,167.167,-77.533,-77.533) New Zealand White Island ENVELOPE(48.583,48.583,-66.733,-66.733) Earth, Planets and Space 71 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 Geoff Kilgour Stephanie Gates Ben Kennedy Aaron Farquhar Ame McSporran Cameron Asher Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Geodesy QB275-343 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Abstract On 27 April 2016, White Island erupted in a multi-pulse, phreatic event that lasted for ~ 40 min. Six, variably sized pulses generated three ballistic ejections and at least one pyroclastic surge out of the inner crater and onto the main crater floor. Deposit mapping of the pyroclastic surge and directed ballistic ejecta, combined with numerical modelling, is used to constrain the volume of the ejecta and the energetics of the eruption. Vent locations and directionality of the eruption are constrained by the ballistic modelling, suggesting that the vent/s were angled towards the east. Using these data, a model is developed that comports with the field and geophysical data. One of the main factors modifying the dispersal of the eruption deposits is the inner crater wall, which is ~ 20 m high. This wall prevents some of the pyroclastic surge and ballistic ejecta from being deposited onto the main crater floor but also promotes significant inflation of the surge, generating a semi-buoyant plume that deposits ash high on the crater walls. While the eruption is small volume, the complexity determined from the deposits provides a case study with which to assess the relatively frequent hazards posed by active volcanoes that host hydrothermal systems. The deposits of this and similar eruptions are readily eroded, and for complete understanding of volcanic hazards, it is necessary to make observations and collect samples soon after these events. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Geoff Kilgour Stephanie Gates Ben Kennedy Aaron Farquhar Ame McSporran Cameron Asher |
author_facet |
Geoff Kilgour Stephanie Gates Ben Kennedy Aaron Farquhar Ame McSporran Cameron Asher |
author_sort |
Geoff Kilgour |
title |
Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
title_short |
Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
title_full |
Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
title_fullStr |
Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from Whakāri/White Island, New Zealand |
title_sort |
phreatic eruption dynamics derived from deposit analysis: a case study from a small, phreatic eruption from whakāri/white island, new zealand |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 https://doaj.org/article/214e02461f2848a8bda4b420a2b7efd0 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(167.167,167.167,-77.533,-77.533) ENVELOPE(167.167,167.167,-77.533,-77.533) ENVELOPE(48.583,48.583,-66.733,-66.733) |
geographic |
Inner Crater Main Crater New Zealand White Island |
geographic_facet |
Inner Crater Main Crater New Zealand White Island |
genre |
White Island |
genre_facet |
White Island |
op_source |
Earth, Planets and Space, Vol 71, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 https://doaj.org/toc/1880-5981 doi:10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 1880-5981 https://doaj.org/article/214e02461f2848a8bda4b420a2b7efd0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1008-8 |
container_title |
Earth, Planets and Space |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766234013919346688 |