Vaikimine, rääkimine ja muud traditsioonilised kõneteod vepsa rahvakultuuris kultuuridevahelises võrdluses

• Published in: Mäetagused
• Main Authors: Madis Arukask, Eva Saar
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Estonian
• Published: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum 2020
• Subjects: animism; cultural differences; fieldwork; politeness; silence; speech acts; veps; Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology; GN301-674; North-Western Russia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.7592/MT2020.77.arukask_saar; https://doaj.org/article/20586b5ac4e149c7a39a535a3ea65692

In this article we analyse factors that help interpret silence and speaking in different cultures. Economic activities and lifestyle related to natural conditions as well as beliefs are crucial here. In terms of speaking and silence, a relatively good distinction can be made between peoples traditionally engaged in hunting-gathering and agriculture, and the modern Western code of communication that has developed from the latter. The modern code does not tolerate silence and non-speaking very well, considering it either as expression of impoliteness, stupidity or lack of sincerity. For indigenous peoples silence clearly has a magical function in order not to be threatened by ambivalent animistic agents. This also explains the greater carefulness of indigenous peoples in expressing their emotions. For the same reason, in animistic cultures, which are not so human-centred, the usual communication situations (meetings, departures, making compliments) and the corresponding speech acts are very diffuse, minimalist or non-existent. In (monotheistic) agricultural cultures the sphere of spirit beings has generally been demonized, and the norm of silent behaviour that reflects it has become incomprehensible or interpreted as inappropriate. The Veps living in north-western Russia have been in close contact with Russian peasant culture for more than 1,000 years. The relatively emotional and speech-oriented Russian culture has undoubtedly had an impact on the Veps. On the other hand, the Finno-Ugric animistic norm and the corresponding tendency to speak less or remain silent can be perceived. It also seems that from Russians the Veps have acquired speech acts used at meetings and departures – greetings, farewells, blessings, formulas that close and delimit situations, and so on. The corresponding words and phrases taken from Russian also refer to borrowing. Because of the Russian influence the interpersonal relations of the Veps are not that diffuse as those of the non-agricultural indigenous peoples. Nevertheless, as the ...