International Legal Grounds for Drawing by Demark, Norway and Canada Straight Baselines in the Arctic

• Main Authors: A. N. Vylegzhanin, I. P. Dudykina
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Russian
• Published: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) 2017
• Subjects: arctic coastal states; justification in international law; normal baselines; straight baselines; geographical factors; customary rules of international law; dispute between the united kingdom and norway and judgment of the international court of justice; 1951; Law of nations; KZ2-6785; Comparative law. International uniform law; K520-5582; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Canada; Greenland; Norway
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2017-1-28-40; https://doaj.org/article/1ef516fde2a2479292d9ca93234b9e78

The paper summarizes the legal experience of Canada, Denmark (relating to Greenland) and Norway in drawing straight baselines in the Arctic which join the furthest seaward points selected by a relevant coastal state in the context of applicable rules of the Contemporary International Law. The authors of the paper have compiled the basic legal arguments, which were relied upon by the three Arctic Coastal States mentioned above to show the “legal purity” of their straight baselines along the Arctic coasts. Legal evaluation of such a practice of Norway, Canada and Denmark is suggested in the paper in the context of relevant rules of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone, 1958, and UNCLOS 1982, and the 1951 Judgment of the ICJ and relevant documents of the ILC. It is noted in the paper that the admissibility of such particularapplication by the three Arctic Coastal States of international legal provisions on baselines is well grounded by the complex of geographical, ecological and historical factors relating to a specific Arctic coast and to its concrete territorial sovereign. The conclusion is suggested that in spite the fact that the US protested against some of the straight baselines along the arctic coasts still the practice of Canada, Denmark and Norway in drawing straight baselines in the Arctic is in full accordance with applicable rules of the Contemporary International Law. It is also shown in the paper that the establishment of such straight baselines has a positive impact on the extent of sovereignty and sovereign rights of each of the respective Arctic Coastal State. Identification and assessment of arguments within international law in favor of establishment of straight baselines in the Arctic ocean - as these arguments were put forward by Denmark, Norway and Canada - has a practical value for the Russian Federation, because in accordance with the current Russian legislation straight baselines are not applied along the most part of its Arctic coast and instead “normal baselines” are ...