Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study
Freezing water droplets are a natural phenomenon that occurs regularly in the Arctic climate. It affects areas such as aircrafts, wind turbine blades and roads, where it can be a safety issue. To further scrutinize the freezing process, the main objective of this paper is to experimentally examine t...
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MDPI AG
2021
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:1eb9f0615dd74a579b60671cbc76fc74 2023-05-15T15:09:34+02:00 Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study Erik Fagerström Anna-Lena Ljung Linn Karlsson Henrik Lycksam 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121628 https://doaj.org/article/1eb9f0615dd74a579b60671cbc76fc74 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/12/1628 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w13121628 2073-4441 https://doaj.org/article/1eb9f0615dd74a579b60671cbc76fc74 Water, Vol 13, Iss 1628, p 1628 (2021) freezing internal flow water droplet Marangoni flow PIV Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121628 2022-12-31T13:21:59Z Freezing water droplets are a natural phenomenon that occurs regularly in the Arctic climate. It affects areas such as aircrafts, wind turbine blades and roads, where it can be a safety issue. To further scrutinize the freezing process, the main objective of this paper is to experimentally examine the influence of substrate material on the internal flow of a water droplet. The secondary goal is to reduce uncertainties in the freezing process by decreasing the randomness of the droplet size and form by introducing a groove in the substrate material. Copper, aluminium and steel was chosen due to their differences in thermal conductivities. Measurements were performed with Particle Image Velociometry (PIV) to be able to analyse the velocity field inside the droplet during the freezing process. During the investigation for the secondary goal, it could be seen that by introducing a groove in the substrate material, the contact radius could be controlled with a standard deviation of 0.85%. For the main objective, the velocity profile was investigated during different stages of the freezing process. Five points along the symmetry line of the droplet were compared and copper, which also has the highest thermal conductivity, showed the highest internal velocity. The difference between aluminium and steel was in their turn more difficult to distinguish, since the maximum velocity switched between the two materials along the symmetry line. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Water 13 12 1628 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
freezing internal flow water droplet Marangoni flow PIV Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
spellingShingle |
freezing internal flow water droplet Marangoni flow PIV Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Erik Fagerström Anna-Lena Ljung Linn Karlsson Henrik Lycksam Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
topic_facet |
freezing internal flow water droplet Marangoni flow PIV Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
description |
Freezing water droplets are a natural phenomenon that occurs regularly in the Arctic climate. It affects areas such as aircrafts, wind turbine blades and roads, where it can be a safety issue. To further scrutinize the freezing process, the main objective of this paper is to experimentally examine the influence of substrate material on the internal flow of a water droplet. The secondary goal is to reduce uncertainties in the freezing process by decreasing the randomness of the droplet size and form by introducing a groove in the substrate material. Copper, aluminium and steel was chosen due to their differences in thermal conductivities. Measurements were performed with Particle Image Velociometry (PIV) to be able to analyse the velocity field inside the droplet during the freezing process. During the investigation for the secondary goal, it could be seen that by introducing a groove in the substrate material, the contact radius could be controlled with a standard deviation of 0.85%. For the main objective, the velocity profile was investigated during different stages of the freezing process. Five points along the symmetry line of the droplet were compared and copper, which also has the highest thermal conductivity, showed the highest internal velocity. The difference between aluminium and steel was in their turn more difficult to distinguish, since the maximum velocity switched between the two materials along the symmetry line. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Erik Fagerström Anna-Lena Ljung Linn Karlsson Henrik Lycksam |
author_facet |
Erik Fagerström Anna-Lena Ljung Linn Karlsson Henrik Lycksam |
author_sort |
Erik Fagerström |
title |
Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
title_short |
Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
title_full |
Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Substrate Material on Flow in Freezing Water Droplets—An Experimental Study |
title_sort |
influence of substrate material on flow in freezing water droplets—an experimental study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121628 https://doaj.org/article/1eb9f0615dd74a579b60671cbc76fc74 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Water, Vol 13, Iss 1628, p 1628 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/12/1628 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w13121628 2073-4441 https://doaj.org/article/1eb9f0615dd74a579b60671cbc76fc74 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121628 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
1628 |
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1766340740378525696 |