Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
Feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) represent an iconic era of the North Dakota Badlands. Their uncertain history raises management questions regarding origins, genetic diversity, and long-term genetic viability. Hair samples with follicles were collected from 196 horses in the P...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:1c0408696377439981192e6b9cd0f7bc 2023-05-15T18:45:07+02:00 Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. Igor V Ovchinnikov Taryn Dahms Billie Herauf Blake McCann Rytis Juras Caitlin Castaneda E Gus Cothran 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 https://doaj.org/article/1c0408696377439981192e6b9cd0f7bc EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6070244?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 https://doaj.org/article/1c0408696377439981192e6b9cd0f7bc PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0200795 (2018) Medicine R Science Q article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 2022-12-31T02:32:52Z Feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) represent an iconic era of the North Dakota Badlands. Their uncertain history raises management questions regarding origins, genetic diversity, and long-term genetic viability. Hair samples with follicles were collected from 196 horses in the Park and used to sequence the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to profile 12 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Three mtDNA haplotypes found in the TRNP horses belonged to haplogroups L and B. The control region variation was low with haplotype diversity of 0.5271, nucleotide diversity of 0.0077 and mean pairwise difference of 2.93. We sequenced one mitochondrial genome from each haplotype determined by the control region. Two complete mtDNA sequences of haplogroup L were closely related to the mtDNA of American Paint horse. The TRNP haplotype B did not have close matches in GenBank. The phylogenetic test placed this sequence in a group consisting of two horses from China, one from Yakutia, and one from Italy raising a possibility of historical transportation of horses from Siberia and East Asia to North America. Autosomal STR loci were polymorphic and indicated that the TRNP horses were distinctly different from 48 major horse breeds. Heterozygosity, mean number of alleles, and other measures of diversity indicated that TRNP herd diversity was below that observed for most other feral herds and domestic breeds. Both mtDNA and STRs demonstrated that the existing genetic data sets of horses are insufficient to determine the exact origins of the TRNP horses. However, measures of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity have elucidated management needs. It is recommended that new genetic stock be introduced and that adaptive management principles are employed to ensure that unique mitochondrial lineages are preserved and genetic diversity is increased and maintained over time. Article in Journal/Newspaper Yakutia Siberia Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Theodore ENVELOPE(-62.450,-62.450,-64.933,-64.933) PLOS ONE 13 8 e0200795 |
institution |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Igor V Ovchinnikov Taryn Dahms Billie Herauf Blake McCann Rytis Juras Caitlin Castaneda E Gus Cothran Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP) represent an iconic era of the North Dakota Badlands. Their uncertain history raises management questions regarding origins, genetic diversity, and long-term genetic viability. Hair samples with follicles were collected from 196 horses in the Park and used to sequence the control region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to profile 12 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Three mtDNA haplotypes found in the TRNP horses belonged to haplogroups L and B. The control region variation was low with haplotype diversity of 0.5271, nucleotide diversity of 0.0077 and mean pairwise difference of 2.93. We sequenced one mitochondrial genome from each haplotype determined by the control region. Two complete mtDNA sequences of haplogroup L were closely related to the mtDNA of American Paint horse. The TRNP haplotype B did not have close matches in GenBank. The phylogenetic test placed this sequence in a group consisting of two horses from China, one from Yakutia, and one from Italy raising a possibility of historical transportation of horses from Siberia and East Asia to North America. Autosomal STR loci were polymorphic and indicated that the TRNP horses were distinctly different from 48 major horse breeds. Heterozygosity, mean number of alleles, and other measures of diversity indicated that TRNP herd diversity was below that observed for most other feral herds and domestic breeds. Both mtDNA and STRs demonstrated that the existing genetic data sets of horses are insufficient to determine the exact origins of the TRNP horses. However, measures of nuclear and mitochondrial diversity have elucidated management needs. It is recommended that new genetic stock be introduced and that adaptive management principles are employed to ensure that unique mitochondrial lineages are preserved and genetic diversity is increased and maintained over time. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Igor V Ovchinnikov Taryn Dahms Billie Herauf Blake McCann Rytis Juras Caitlin Castaneda E Gus Cothran |
author_facet |
Igor V Ovchinnikov Taryn Dahms Billie Herauf Blake McCann Rytis Juras Caitlin Castaneda E Gus Cothran |
author_sort |
Igor V Ovchinnikov |
title |
Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
title_short |
Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
title_full |
Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
title_fullStr |
Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. |
title_sort |
genetic diversity and origin of the feral horses in theodore roosevelt national park. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 https://doaj.org/article/1c0408696377439981192e6b9cd0f7bc |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.450,-62.450,-64.933,-64.933) |
geographic |
Theodore |
geographic_facet |
Theodore |
genre |
Yakutia Siberia |
genre_facet |
Yakutia Siberia |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0200795 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6070244?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 https://doaj.org/article/1c0408696377439981192e6b9cd0f7bc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200795 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
e0200795 |
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1766236097014136832 |