The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years

BackgroundThe relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts.MethodsThe s...

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Published in:Frontiers in Psychology
Main Authors: Knut Hestad, Knut Engedal, Henrik Schirmer, Bjørn Heine Strand
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607
https://doaj.org/article/1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947
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spelling ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947 2023-05-15T18:34:25+02:00 The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years Knut Hestad Knut Engedal Henrik Schirmer Bjørn Heine Strand 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 https://doaj.org/article/1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 1664-1078 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 https://doaj.org/article/1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947 Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 11 (2020) blood pressure cognitive performance aging sex differences dementia Psychology BF1-990 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607 2022-12-30T20:46:34Z BackgroundThe relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts.MethodsThe study sample comprised 4,465 participants, with BP measured at baseline in the Tromsø Study, Wave 6 in 2007–2008 (T0), and cognition assessed at follow-up 8 years later, in 2015–2016 in Tromsø Study 7 (T1). Age at T0 was 45–74 years, and at T1 it was 53–82 years. Cognition was assessed with three tests: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Symbol Test, and the Twelve-word Test. The associations between BP and cognition were examined specifically for age and sex using linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline BP medication use, education and body mass index (kg/m2).ResultsBP was associated with cognition at the 8-year follow-up, but the association differed according to age and sex. In men, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at a young age (45–55 years of age) was associated with poorer cognition; the association was reversed at older ages, especially for those above 65 years of age. In women, the associations were generally weaker than for men, and sometimes in the opposite direction: For women, a higher SBP was associated with better cognition at a younger age and higher SBP poorer cognition at older ages – perhaps due to an age delay in women compared to men. Digit Symbol Test results correlated best with BP in a three-way interaction: BP by age by sex was significant for both SBP (p = 0.005) and DBP (p = 0.005).ConclusionIncreased SBP and DBP at the younger age was clearly associated with poorer cognitive function in men 8 years later; in women the associations were weaker and sometimes in the opposite direction. Our findings clearly indicate that interactions between age and sex related to BP can predict cognitive performance over time. Men and women have ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Tromsø Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Tromsø Frontiers in Psychology 11
institution Open Polar
collection Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
op_collection_id ftdoajarticles
language English
topic blood pressure
cognitive performance
aging
sex differences
dementia
Psychology
BF1-990
spellingShingle blood pressure
cognitive performance
aging
sex differences
dementia
Psychology
BF1-990
Knut Hestad
Knut Engedal
Henrik Schirmer
Bjørn Heine Strand
The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
topic_facet blood pressure
cognitive performance
aging
sex differences
dementia
Psychology
BF1-990
description BackgroundThe relationship between blood pressure (BP) and cognition is complex were age appears to be an intervening variable. High and low BP have been associated with cognitive deficits as part of the aging process, but more studies are needed, especially in more recent birth cohorts.MethodsThe study sample comprised 4,465 participants, with BP measured at baseline in the Tromsø Study, Wave 6 in 2007–2008 (T0), and cognition assessed at follow-up 8 years later, in 2015–2016 in Tromsø Study 7 (T1). Age at T0 was 45–74 years, and at T1 it was 53–82 years. Cognition was assessed with three tests: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Symbol Test, and the Twelve-word Test. The associations between BP and cognition were examined specifically for age and sex using linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline BP medication use, education and body mass index (kg/m2).ResultsBP was associated with cognition at the 8-year follow-up, but the association differed according to age and sex. In men, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at a young age (45–55 years of age) was associated with poorer cognition; the association was reversed at older ages, especially for those above 65 years of age. In women, the associations were generally weaker than for men, and sometimes in the opposite direction: For women, a higher SBP was associated with better cognition at a younger age and higher SBP poorer cognition at older ages – perhaps due to an age delay in women compared to men. Digit Symbol Test results correlated best with BP in a three-way interaction: BP by age by sex was significant for both SBP (p = 0.005) and DBP (p = 0.005).ConclusionIncreased SBP and DBP at the younger age was clearly associated with poorer cognitive function in men 8 years later; in women the associations were weaker and sometimes in the opposite direction. Our findings clearly indicate that interactions between age and sex related to BP can predict cognitive performance over time. Men and women have ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Knut Hestad
Knut Engedal
Henrik Schirmer
Bjørn Heine Strand
author_facet Knut Hestad
Knut Engedal
Henrik Schirmer
Bjørn Heine Strand
author_sort Knut Hestad
title The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
title_short The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
title_full The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
title_fullStr The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance. An 8-Year Follow-Up of the Tromsø Study, Comprising People Aged 45–74 Years
title_sort effect of blood pressure on cognitive performance. an 8-year follow-up of the tromsø study, comprising people aged 45–74 years
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2020
url https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607
https://doaj.org/article/1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947
geographic Tromsø
geographic_facet Tromsø
genre Tromsø
genre_facet Tromsø
op_source Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 11 (2020)
op_relation https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607/full
https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078
1664-1078
doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607
https://doaj.org/article/1b98dd3cd5074769aa719e09ba06a947
op_doi https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00607
container_title Frontiers in Psychology
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