Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane
We present atmospheric baseline growth rates from the 1970s to the present for the long-lived, strongly infrared-absorbing perfluorocarbons (PFCs) tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) in both hemispheres, measured with improved accuracies (~1–2%)...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 https://doaj.org/article/1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c 2023-05-15T13:54:29+02:00 Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane J. Mühle A. L. Ganesan B. R. Miller P. K. Salameh C. M. Harth B. R. Greally M. Rigby L. W. Porter L. P. Steele C. M. Trudinger P. B. Krummel S. O'Doherty P. J. Fraser P. G. Simmonds R. G. Prinn R. F. Weiss 2010-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 https://doaj.org/article/1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/5145/2010/acp-10-5145-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 10, Iss 11, Pp 5145-5164 (2010) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2010 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 2022-12-31T02:59:54Z We present atmospheric baseline growth rates from the 1970s to the present for the long-lived, strongly infrared-absorbing perfluorocarbons (PFCs) tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) in both hemispheres, measured with improved accuracies (~1–2%) and precisions (<0.3%, or <0.2 ppt (parts per trillion dry air mole fraction), for CF 4 <1.5%, or <0.06 ppt, for C 2 F 6 <4.5%, or <0.02 ppt, for C 3 F 8 within the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). Pre-industrial background values of 34.7±0.2 ppt CF 4 and 0.1±0.02 ppt C 2 F 6 were measured in air extracted from Greenland ice and Antarctic firn. Anthropogenic sources are thought to be primary aluminum production (CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 ), semiconductor production (C 2 F 6 , CF 4 , C 3 F 8 ) and refrigeration use (C 3 F 8 ). Global emissions calculated with the AGAGE 2-D 12-box model are significantly higher than most previous emission estimates. The sum of CF 4 and C 2 F 6 emissions estimated from aluminum production and non-metal production are lower than observed global top-down emissions, with gaps of ~6 Gg/yr CF 4 in recent years. The significant discrepancies between previous CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , and C 3 F 8 emission estimates and observed global top-down emissions estimated from AGAGE measurements emphasize the need for more accurate, transparent, and complete emission reporting, and for verification with atmospheric measurements to assess the emission sources of these long-lived and potent greenhouse gases, which alter the radiative budget of the atmosphere, essentially permanently, once emitted. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Greenland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10 11 5145 5164 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 J. Mühle A. L. Ganesan B. R. Miller P. K. Salameh C. M. Harth B. R. Greally M. Rigby L. W. Porter L. P. Steele C. M. Trudinger P. B. Krummel S. O'Doherty P. J. Fraser P. G. Simmonds R. G. Prinn R. F. Weiss Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
We present atmospheric baseline growth rates from the 1970s to the present for the long-lived, strongly infrared-absorbing perfluorocarbons (PFCs) tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) in both hemispheres, measured with improved accuracies (~1–2%) and precisions (<0.3%, or <0.2 ppt (parts per trillion dry air mole fraction), for CF 4 <1.5%, or <0.06 ppt, for C 2 F 6 <4.5%, or <0.02 ppt, for C 3 F 8 within the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). Pre-industrial background values of 34.7±0.2 ppt CF 4 and 0.1±0.02 ppt C 2 F 6 were measured in air extracted from Greenland ice and Antarctic firn. Anthropogenic sources are thought to be primary aluminum production (CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 ), semiconductor production (C 2 F 6 , CF 4 , C 3 F 8 ) and refrigeration use (C 3 F 8 ). Global emissions calculated with the AGAGE 2-D 12-box model are significantly higher than most previous emission estimates. The sum of CF 4 and C 2 F 6 emissions estimated from aluminum production and non-metal production are lower than observed global top-down emissions, with gaps of ~6 Gg/yr CF 4 in recent years. The significant discrepancies between previous CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , and C 3 F 8 emission estimates and observed global top-down emissions estimated from AGAGE measurements emphasize the need for more accurate, transparent, and complete emission reporting, and for verification with atmospheric measurements to assess the emission sources of these long-lived and potent greenhouse gases, which alter the radiative budget of the atmosphere, essentially permanently, once emitted. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J. Mühle A. L. Ganesan B. R. Miller P. K. Salameh C. M. Harth B. R. Greally M. Rigby L. W. Porter L. P. Steele C. M. Trudinger P. B. Krummel S. O'Doherty P. J. Fraser P. G. Simmonds R. G. Prinn R. F. Weiss |
author_facet |
J. Mühle A. L. Ganesan B. R. Miller P. K. Salameh C. M. Harth B. R. Greally M. Rigby L. W. Porter L. P. Steele C. M. Trudinger P. B. Krummel S. O'Doherty P. J. Fraser P. G. Simmonds R. G. Prinn R. F. Weiss |
author_sort |
J. Mühle |
title |
Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
title_short |
Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
title_full |
Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
title_fullStr |
Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
title_full_unstemmed |
Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
title_sort |
perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 https://doaj.org/article/1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 10, Iss 11, Pp 5145-5164 (2010) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/5145/2010/acp-10-5145-2010.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/1af6462c0655433cb01730653a922e3c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5145-2010 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
5145 |
op_container_end_page |
5164 |
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1766260420828463104 |