History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance
To establish how controversies in understanding acid base balance arose, the literature on acid base balance was reviewed from 1909, when Henderson described how the neutral reaction of blood is determined by carbonic and organic acids being in equilibrium with an excess of mineral bases over minera...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:19daa94bb67b443da0d1ba38f7b8b184 2023-05-15T15:52:55+02:00 History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance Christopher Geoffrey Alexander Aiken 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 https://doaj.org/article/19daa94bb67b443da0d1ba38f7b8b184 EN eng JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3400/65-%205230_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(P.r_P)_PFA(P).pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2249-782X https://doaj.org/toc/0973-709X doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 2249-782X 0973-709X https://doaj.org/article/19daa94bb67b443da0d1ba38f7b8b184 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp 2038-2041 (2013) history acid base oxygen carbon dioxide Medicine R article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 2022-12-31T00:21:22Z To establish how controversies in understanding acid base balance arose, the literature on acid base balance was reviewed from 1909, when Henderson described how the neutral reaction of blood is determined by carbonic and organic acids being in equilibrium with an excess of mineral bases over mineral acids. From 1914 to 1930, Van Slyke and others established our acid base principles. They recognised that carbonic acid converts into bicarbonate all non-volatile mineral bases not bound by mineral acids and determined therefore that bicarbonate represents the alkaline reserve of the body and should be a physiological constant. They showed that standard bicarbonate is a good measure of acidosis caused by increased production or decreased elimination of organic acids. However, they recognised that bicarbonate improved low plasma bicarbonate but not high urine acid excretion in diabetic ketoacidosis, and that increasing pCO2 caused chloride to shift into cells raising plasma titratable alkali. Both indicate that minerals influence pH. In 1945 Darrow showed that hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in preterm infants fed milk with 5.7 mmol of chloride and 2.0 mmol of sodium per 100 kcal was caused by retention of chloride in excess of sodium. Similar findings were made but not recognised in later studies of metabolic acidosis in preterm infants. Shohl in 1921 and Kildeberg in 1978 presented the theory that carbonic and organic acids are neutralised by mineral base, where mineral base is the excess of mineral cations over anions and organic acid is the difference between mineral base, bicarbonate and protein anion. The degree of metabolic acidosis measured as base excess is determined by deviation in both mineral base and organic acid from normal. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH |
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history acid base oxygen carbon dioxide Medicine R |
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history acid base oxygen carbon dioxide Medicine R Christopher Geoffrey Alexander Aiken History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
topic_facet |
history acid base oxygen carbon dioxide Medicine R |
description |
To establish how controversies in understanding acid base balance arose, the literature on acid base balance was reviewed from 1909, when Henderson described how the neutral reaction of blood is determined by carbonic and organic acids being in equilibrium with an excess of mineral bases over mineral acids. From 1914 to 1930, Van Slyke and others established our acid base principles. They recognised that carbonic acid converts into bicarbonate all non-volatile mineral bases not bound by mineral acids and determined therefore that bicarbonate represents the alkaline reserve of the body and should be a physiological constant. They showed that standard bicarbonate is a good measure of acidosis caused by increased production or decreased elimination of organic acids. However, they recognised that bicarbonate improved low plasma bicarbonate but not high urine acid excretion in diabetic ketoacidosis, and that increasing pCO2 caused chloride to shift into cells raising plasma titratable alkali. Both indicate that minerals influence pH. In 1945 Darrow showed that hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in preterm infants fed milk with 5.7 mmol of chloride and 2.0 mmol of sodium per 100 kcal was caused by retention of chloride in excess of sodium. Similar findings were made but not recognised in later studies of metabolic acidosis in preterm infants. Shohl in 1921 and Kildeberg in 1978 presented the theory that carbonic and organic acids are neutralised by mineral base, where mineral base is the excess of mineral cations over anions and organic acid is the difference between mineral base, bicarbonate and protein anion. The degree of metabolic acidosis measured as base excess is determined by deviation in both mineral base and organic acid from normal. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christopher Geoffrey Alexander Aiken |
author_facet |
Christopher Geoffrey Alexander Aiken |
author_sort |
Christopher Geoffrey Alexander Aiken |
title |
History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
title_short |
History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
title_full |
History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
title_fullStr |
History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
title_full_unstemmed |
History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance |
title_sort |
history of medical understanding and misunderstanding of acid base balance |
publisher |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 https://doaj.org/article/19daa94bb67b443da0d1ba38f7b8b184 |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp 2038-2041 (2013) |
op_relation |
https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3400/65-%205230_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(P.r_P)_PFA(P).pdf https://doaj.org/toc/2249-782X https://doaj.org/toc/0973-709X doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 2249-782X 0973-709X https://doaj.org/article/19daa94bb67b443da0d1ba38f7b8b184 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/5230.3400 |
container_title |
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH |
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