Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex. METHODS: Based upon the Rapid Assess...
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Pan American Health Organization
2014
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:18e10e56db9842038dfde56b8f475a35 2023-05-15T15:17:44+02:00 Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status Anna Rius Laura Guisasola Meritxell Sabidó Janet L. Leasher David Moriña Astrid Villalobos Van C. Lansingh Oscar J. Mujica José Eduardo Rivera-Handal Juan Casrlos Silva 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/18e10e56db9842038dfde56b8f475a35 EN ES PT eng spa por Pan American Health Organization http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001000002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 1020-4989 https://doaj.org/article/18e10e56db9842038dfde56b8f475a35 Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 36, Iss 5, Pp 290-299 (2014) Salud ocular oftalmología desigualdades en la salud ceguera errores de refracción catarata El Salvador Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-30T23:48:20Z OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex. METHODS: Based upon the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology, this nationwide sample comprised 3 800 participants (3 399 examined) ≥ 50 years old from 76 randomly selected clusters of 50 persons each. The prevalence of blindness, visual impairment and related eye diseases and conditions, including uncorrected refractive error (URE), was calculated for categories of education level and occupational status. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and stratified by sex. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.2-2.6) for blindness (men: 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5-3.1); women: 2.2% (95% CI: 1.9-2.5)) and 11.8% (95% CI: 11.6-12.0) for moderate visual impairment (men: 10.8% (95% CI: 10.5-11.1); women: 12.6% (95% CI: 12.4-12.8)). The proportion of visual impairment due to cataract was 43.8% in men and 33.5% in women. Inverse gradients of socioeconomic inequalities were observed in the prevalence of visual impairment. For example, the age-adjusted OR (AOR) was 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) for visual impairment and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-10.4) for related URE in illiterate women compared to those with secondary education, and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1) in cataract in unemployed men. CONCLUSIONS: Blindness and visual impairment prevalence is high in the El Salvador adult population. The main associated conditions are cataract and URE, two treatable conditions. As socioeconomic and gender inequalities in ocular health may herald discrimination and important barriers to accessing affordable, good-quality, and timely health care services, prioritization of public eye health care and disability policies should be put in place, particularly among women, the unemployed, and uneducated ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Ure ENVELOPE(13.733,13.733,68.100,68.100) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English Spanish Portuguese |
topic |
Salud ocular oftalmología desigualdades en la salud ceguera errores de refracción catarata El Salvador Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Salud ocular oftalmología desigualdades en la salud ceguera errores de refracción catarata El Salvador Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anna Rius Laura Guisasola Meritxell Sabidó Janet L. Leasher David Moriña Astrid Villalobos Van C. Lansingh Oscar J. Mujica José Eduardo Rivera-Handal Juan Casrlos Silva Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
topic_facet |
Salud ocular oftalmología desigualdades en la salud ceguera errores de refracción catarata El Salvador Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment, and related eye diseases and conditions among adults in El Salvador, and to explore socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence by education level and occupational status, stratified by sex. METHODS: Based upon the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology, this nationwide sample comprised 3 800 participants (3 399 examined) ≥ 50 years old from 76 randomly selected clusters of 50 persons each. The prevalence of blindness, visual impairment and related eye diseases and conditions, including uncorrected refractive error (URE), was calculated for categories of education level and occupational status. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and stratified by sex. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalence was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.2-2.6) for blindness (men: 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5-3.1); women: 2.2% (95% CI: 1.9-2.5)) and 11.8% (95% CI: 11.6-12.0) for moderate visual impairment (men: 10.8% (95% CI: 10.5-11.1); women: 12.6% (95% CI: 12.4-12.8)). The proportion of visual impairment due to cataract was 43.8% in men and 33.5% in women. Inverse gradients of socioeconomic inequalities were observed in the prevalence of visual impairment. For example, the age-adjusted OR (AOR) was 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) for visual impairment and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-10.4) for related URE in illiterate women compared to those with secondary education, and 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1) in cataract in unemployed men. CONCLUSIONS: Blindness and visual impairment prevalence is high in the El Salvador adult population. The main associated conditions are cataract and URE, two treatable conditions. As socioeconomic and gender inequalities in ocular health may herald discrimination and important barriers to accessing affordable, good-quality, and timely health care services, prioritization of public eye health care and disability policies should be put in place, particularly among women, the unemployed, and uneducated ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Anna Rius Laura Guisasola Meritxell Sabidó Janet L. Leasher David Moriña Astrid Villalobos Van C. Lansingh Oscar J. Mujica José Eduardo Rivera-Handal Juan Casrlos Silva |
author_facet |
Anna Rius Laura Guisasola Meritxell Sabidó Janet L. Leasher David Moriña Astrid Villalobos Van C. Lansingh Oscar J. Mujica José Eduardo Rivera-Handal Juan Casrlos Silva |
author_sort |
Anna Rius |
title |
Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
title_short |
Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
title_full |
Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of visual impairment in El Salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
title_sort |
prevalence of visual impairment in el salvador: inequalities in educational level and occupational status |
publisher |
Pan American Health Organization |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/18e10e56db9842038dfde56b8f475a35 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(13.733,13.733,68.100,68.100) |
geographic |
Arctic Ure |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Ure |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 36, Iss 5, Pp 290-299 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892014001000002&lng=en&tlng=en https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 1020-4989 https://doaj.org/article/18e10e56db9842038dfde56b8f475a35 |
_version_ |
1766347971806363648 |