Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals
Abstract Background Infectious diseases cause significant production losses in aquaculture every year. Since the gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating the host immune system, health and physiology, altered gut microbiota compositions are often associated with a diseased status. Howeve...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:18c229aa6eaa4e3ebf69a3c0626bfdfb 2023-05-15T15:32:00+02:00 Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals Davide Bozzi Jacob A. Rasmussen Christian Carøe Harald Sveier Kristian Nordøy M. Thomas P. Gilbert Morten T. Limborg 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 https://doaj.org/article/18c229aa6eaa4e3ebf69a3c0626bfdfb EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 https://doaj.org/toc/2524-4671 doi:10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 2524-4671 https://doaj.org/article/18c229aa6eaa4e3ebf69a3c0626bfdfb Animal Microbiome, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021) Microbiota Atlantic salmon Infectious diseases Dysbiosis Tenacibaculosis Aliivibrio Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Microbiology QR1-502 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 2022-12-31T07:49:58Z Abstract Background Infectious diseases cause significant production losses in aquaculture every year. Since the gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating the host immune system, health and physiology, altered gut microbiota compositions are often associated with a diseased status. However, few studies have examined the association between disease severity and degree of gut dysbiosis, especially when the gut is not the site of the primary infection. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on whether bath treatment with formalin, a disinfectant commonly used in aquaculture to treat external infections, might affect the gut microbiome as a consequence of formalin ingestion. Here we investigate, through 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, changes in the distal gut microbiota composition of a captive-reared cohort of 80 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), in consequence of an external bacterial skin infection due to a natural outbreak and subsequent formalin treatment. Results We identified Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi as the causative disease pathogen and we show that the distal gut of diseased salmon presented a different composition from that of healthy individuals. A new, yet undescribed, Mycoplasma genus characterized the gut of healthy salmon, while in the sick fish we observed an increase in terms of relative abundance of Aliivibrio sp., a strain regarded as opportunistic. We also noticed a positive correlation between fish weight and Mycoplasma sp. relative abundance, potentially indicating a beneficial effect for its host. Moreover, we observed that the gut microbiota of fish treated with formalin was more similar to those of sick fish than healthy ones. Conclusions We conclude that external Tenacibaculum infections have the potential of indirectly affecting the host gut microbiota. As such, treatment optimization procedures should account for that. Formalin treatment is not an optimal solution from a holistic perspective, since we observe an altered gut microbiota in the treated fish. We suggest its ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Animal Microbiome 3 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Microbiota Atlantic salmon Infectious diseases Dysbiosis Tenacibaculosis Aliivibrio Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
Microbiota Atlantic salmon Infectious diseases Dysbiosis Tenacibaculosis Aliivibrio Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Microbiology QR1-502 Davide Bozzi Jacob A. Rasmussen Christian Carøe Harald Sveier Kristian Nordøy M. Thomas P. Gilbert Morten T. Limborg Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
topic_facet |
Microbiota Atlantic salmon Infectious diseases Dysbiosis Tenacibaculosis Aliivibrio Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Abstract Background Infectious diseases cause significant production losses in aquaculture every year. Since the gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating the host immune system, health and physiology, altered gut microbiota compositions are often associated with a diseased status. However, few studies have examined the association between disease severity and degree of gut dysbiosis, especially when the gut is not the site of the primary infection. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on whether bath treatment with formalin, a disinfectant commonly used in aquaculture to treat external infections, might affect the gut microbiome as a consequence of formalin ingestion. Here we investigate, through 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, changes in the distal gut microbiota composition of a captive-reared cohort of 80 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), in consequence of an external bacterial skin infection due to a natural outbreak and subsequent formalin treatment. Results We identified Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi as the causative disease pathogen and we show that the distal gut of diseased salmon presented a different composition from that of healthy individuals. A new, yet undescribed, Mycoplasma genus characterized the gut of healthy salmon, while in the sick fish we observed an increase in terms of relative abundance of Aliivibrio sp., a strain regarded as opportunistic. We also noticed a positive correlation between fish weight and Mycoplasma sp. relative abundance, potentially indicating a beneficial effect for its host. Moreover, we observed that the gut microbiota of fish treated with formalin was more similar to those of sick fish than healthy ones. Conclusions We conclude that external Tenacibaculum infections have the potential of indirectly affecting the host gut microbiota. As such, treatment optimization procedures should account for that. Formalin treatment is not an optimal solution from a holistic perspective, since we observe an altered gut microbiota in the treated fish. We suggest its ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Davide Bozzi Jacob A. Rasmussen Christian Carøe Harald Sveier Kristian Nordøy M. Thomas P. Gilbert Morten T. Limborg |
author_facet |
Davide Bozzi Jacob A. Rasmussen Christian Carøe Harald Sveier Kristian Nordøy M. Thomas P. Gilbert Morten T. Limborg |
author_sort |
Davide Bozzi |
title |
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
title_short |
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
title_full |
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
title_fullStr |
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
title_sort |
salmon gut microbiota correlates with disease infection status: potential for monitoring health in farmed animals |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 https://doaj.org/article/18c229aa6eaa4e3ebf69a3c0626bfdfb |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Animal Microbiome, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 https://doaj.org/toc/2524-4671 doi:10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 2524-4671 https://doaj.org/article/18c229aa6eaa4e3ebf69a3c0626bfdfb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00096-2 |
container_title |
Animal Microbiome |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766362505936896000 |