Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas.
The widespread assumption that the origin of polar marine faunas is linked to the onset of major global cooling in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene is being increasingly challenged. The Antarctic fossil record in particular is suggesting that some modern Southern Ocean taxa may have Early Eocene or e...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:185eb5e5eff247b8bf2045fe5a718a42 2023-05-15T14:00:20+02:00 Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. J Alistair Crame 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 https://doaj.org/article/185eb5e5eff247b8bf2045fe5a718a42 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3546925?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 https://doaj.org/article/185eb5e5eff247b8bf2045fe5a718a42 PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e54139 (2013) Medicine R Science Q article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 2022-12-30T21:30:55Z The widespread assumption that the origin of polar marine faunas is linked to the onset of major global cooling in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene is being increasingly challenged. The Antarctic fossil record in particular is suggesting that some modern Southern Ocean taxa may have Early Eocene or even Paleocene origins, i.e. well within the Early Cenozoic greenhouse world. A global analysis of one of the largest marine clades at the present day, the Neogastropoda, indicates that not only is there a decrease in the number of species from the tropics to the poles but also a decrease in the evenness of their distribution. A small number of neogastropod families with predominantly generalist trophic strategies at both poles points to the key role of seasonality in structuring the highest latitude marine assemblages. A distinct latitudinal gradient in seasonality is temperature-invariant and would have operated through periods of global warmth such as the Early Cenozoic. To test this concept a second global analysis was undertaken of earliest Cenozoic (Paleocene) neogastropods and this does indeed show a certain degree of faunal differentiation at both poles. The Buccinidae, s.l. is especially well developed at this time, and this is a major generalist taxon at the present day. There is an element of asymmetry associated with this development of Paleocene polar faunas in that those in the south are more strongly differentiated than their northern counterparts; this can in turn be linked to the already substantial isolation of the southern high latitudes. The key role of seasonality in the formation of polar marine faunas has implications for contemporary ecosystem structure and stability. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic PLoS ONE 8 1 e54139 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q J Alistair Crame Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
The widespread assumption that the origin of polar marine faunas is linked to the onset of major global cooling in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene is being increasingly challenged. The Antarctic fossil record in particular is suggesting that some modern Southern Ocean taxa may have Early Eocene or even Paleocene origins, i.e. well within the Early Cenozoic greenhouse world. A global analysis of one of the largest marine clades at the present day, the Neogastropoda, indicates that not only is there a decrease in the number of species from the tropics to the poles but also a decrease in the evenness of their distribution. A small number of neogastropod families with predominantly generalist trophic strategies at both poles points to the key role of seasonality in structuring the highest latitude marine assemblages. A distinct latitudinal gradient in seasonality is temperature-invariant and would have operated through periods of global warmth such as the Early Cenozoic. To test this concept a second global analysis was undertaken of earliest Cenozoic (Paleocene) neogastropods and this does indeed show a certain degree of faunal differentiation at both poles. The Buccinidae, s.l. is especially well developed at this time, and this is a major generalist taxon at the present day. There is an element of asymmetry associated with this development of Paleocene polar faunas in that those in the south are more strongly differentiated than their northern counterparts; this can in turn be linked to the already substantial isolation of the southern high latitudes. The key role of seasonality in the formation of polar marine faunas has implications for contemporary ecosystem structure and stability. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J Alistair Crame |
author_facet |
J Alistair Crame |
author_sort |
J Alistair Crame |
title |
Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
title_short |
Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
title_full |
Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
title_fullStr |
Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
title_sort |
early cenozoic differentiation of polar marine faunas. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 https://doaj.org/article/185eb5e5eff247b8bf2045fe5a718a42 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e54139 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3546925?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 https://doaj.org/article/185eb5e5eff247b8bf2045fe5a718a42 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054139 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
e54139 |
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