Effect of Jet Impingement Velocity and Angle on CO 2 Erosion–Corrosion with and without Sand for API 5L-X65 Carbon Steel
Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO 2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or ot...
Published in: | Materials |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092198 https://doaj.org/article/180333fa59574595ab62d0994e2e1b6f |
Summary: | Most oil and gas production wells have plenty of corrosive species present along with solid particles. In such production environments, CO 2 gas can dissolve in free phase water and form carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ). This carbonic acid, along with fluid flow and with/without solid particles (sand or other entrained particles), can result in unpredictable severe localized CO 2 corrosion and/or erosion–corrosion (EC). So, in this work, the CO 2 EC performance of API 5L X-65 carbon steel, a commonly used material in many oil and gas piping infrastructure, was investigated. A recirculating flow loop was used to perform these studies at three different CO 2 concentrations (pH values of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5), two impingement velocities (8 and 16 m/s), three impingement angles (15°, 45°, and 90°), and with/without 2000 ppm sand particles for a duration of 3 h in 0.2 M NaCl solution at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The CO 2 EC rates were found to decrease with an increase in the pH value due to the increased availability of H + ions. The highest CO 2 erosion–corrosion rates were observed at a 45° impingement angle in the presence of solid particles under all conditions. It was also observed that a change in pH value influenced the morphology and corrosion resistance of the corrosion scales. |
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