Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland
In wet tundra ecosystems, covering vast areas of the Arctic, the belowground plant biomass exceeds the aboveground, making root dynamics a crucial component of the nutrient cycling and the carbon (C) budget of the Arctic. In response to the projected climatic scenarios for the Arctic, namely increas...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:15cba87735004a1aa0008340bcef53a3 2023-05-15T14:48:41+02:00 Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland Ludovica D’Imperio Marie F. Arndal Cecilie S. Nielsen Bo Elberling Inger K. Schmidt 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 https://doaj.org/article/15cba87735004a1aa0008340bcef53a3 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X 1664-462X doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 https://doaj.org/article/15cba87735004a1aa0008340bcef53a3 Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 9 (2018) arctic tundra minirhizotrons open top chambers (OTC) root dynamics snow fence warming Plant culture SB1-1110 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 2022-12-31T11:41:09Z In wet tundra ecosystems, covering vast areas of the Arctic, the belowground plant biomass exceeds the aboveground, making root dynamics a crucial component of the nutrient cycling and the carbon (C) budget of the Arctic. In response to the projected climatic scenarios for the Arctic, namely increased temperature and changes in precipitation patterns, root dynamics may be altered leading to significant changes in the net ecosystem C budget. Here, we quantify the single and combined effects of 1 year of increased winter snow deposition by snow fences and summer warming by open-top chambers (OTCs) on root dynamics in a wetland at Disko Island (West Greenland). Based on ingrowth bags, snow accumulation decreased root productivity by 42% in the 0–15 cm soil depth compared to ambient conditions. Over the growing season 2014, minirhizotron observations showed that root growth continued until mid-September in all treatments, and it peaked between the end of July and mid-August. During the season, plots exposed to experimental warming showed a significant increase in root number during September (between 39 and 53%) and a 39% increase in root length by the beginning of September. In addition, a significant reduction of root diameter (14%) was observed in plots with increased snow accumulation. Along the soil profile (0–40 cm) summer warming by OTCs significantly increased the total root length (54%), root number (41%) and the root growth in the 20–30 cm soil depth (71%). These results indicate a fast response of this ecosystem to changes in air temperature and precipitation. Hence, on a short-term, summer warming may lead to increased root depth and belowground C allocation, whereas increased winter snow precipitation may reduce root production or favor specific plant species by means of reduced growing season length or increased nutrient cycling. Knowledge on belowground root dynamics is therefore critical to improve the estimation of the C balance of the Arctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greenland Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland Frontiers in Plant Science 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic tundra minirhizotrons open top chambers (OTC) root dynamics snow fence warming Plant culture SB1-1110 |
spellingShingle |
arctic tundra minirhizotrons open top chambers (OTC) root dynamics snow fence warming Plant culture SB1-1110 Ludovica D’Imperio Marie F. Arndal Cecilie S. Nielsen Bo Elberling Inger K. Schmidt Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
topic_facet |
arctic tundra minirhizotrons open top chambers (OTC) root dynamics snow fence warming Plant culture SB1-1110 |
description |
In wet tundra ecosystems, covering vast areas of the Arctic, the belowground plant biomass exceeds the aboveground, making root dynamics a crucial component of the nutrient cycling and the carbon (C) budget of the Arctic. In response to the projected climatic scenarios for the Arctic, namely increased temperature and changes in precipitation patterns, root dynamics may be altered leading to significant changes in the net ecosystem C budget. Here, we quantify the single and combined effects of 1 year of increased winter snow deposition by snow fences and summer warming by open-top chambers (OTCs) on root dynamics in a wetland at Disko Island (West Greenland). Based on ingrowth bags, snow accumulation decreased root productivity by 42% in the 0–15 cm soil depth compared to ambient conditions. Over the growing season 2014, minirhizotron observations showed that root growth continued until mid-September in all treatments, and it peaked between the end of July and mid-August. During the season, plots exposed to experimental warming showed a significant increase in root number during September (between 39 and 53%) and a 39% increase in root length by the beginning of September. In addition, a significant reduction of root diameter (14%) was observed in plots with increased snow accumulation. Along the soil profile (0–40 cm) summer warming by OTCs significantly increased the total root length (54%), root number (41%) and the root growth in the 20–30 cm soil depth (71%). These results indicate a fast response of this ecosystem to changes in air temperature and precipitation. Hence, on a short-term, summer warming may lead to increased root depth and belowground C allocation, whereas increased winter snow precipitation may reduce root production or favor specific plant species by means of reduced growing season length or increased nutrient cycling. Knowledge on belowground root dynamics is therefore critical to improve the estimation of the C balance of the Arctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ludovica D’Imperio Marie F. Arndal Cecilie S. Nielsen Bo Elberling Inger K. Schmidt |
author_facet |
Ludovica D’Imperio Marie F. Arndal Cecilie S. Nielsen Bo Elberling Inger K. Schmidt |
author_sort |
Ludovica D’Imperio |
title |
Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
title_short |
Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
title_full |
Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
title_fullStr |
Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fast Responses of Root Dynamics to Increased Snow Deposition and Summer Air Temperature in an Arctic Wetland |
title_sort |
fast responses of root dynamics to increased snow deposition and summer air temperature in an arctic wetland |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 https://doaj.org/article/15cba87735004a1aa0008340bcef53a3 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Greenland Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greenland Tundra |
op_source |
Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 9 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462X 1664-462X doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 https://doaj.org/article/15cba87735004a1aa0008340bcef53a3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01258 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1766319779064315904 |