The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient
The rapid and selective responses to changes in habitat structure and climate have made butterflies valuable environmental indicators. In this study, we asked whether the decline in butterfly populations near the copper-nickel smelter in Monchegorsk in northwestern Russia is accompanied by phenotypi...
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MDPI AG
2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040626 https://doaj.org/article/14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e 2023-05-15T17:05:00+02:00 The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient Vitali Zverev Mikhail V. Kozlov 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040626 https://doaj.org/article/14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/626 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994 doi:10.3390/sym13040626 2073-8994 https://doaj.org/article/14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 626, p 626 (2021) copper-nickel smelter fluctuating asymmetry Kola Peninsula Lepidoptera phenotypic stress responses wing length Mathematics QA1-939 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040626 2022-12-30T20:26:16Z The rapid and selective responses to changes in habitat structure and climate have made butterflies valuable environmental indicators. In this study, we asked whether the decline in butterfly populations near the copper-nickel smelter in Monchegorsk in northwestern Russia is accompanied by phenotypic stress responses to toxic pollutants, expressed as a decrease in body size and an increase in fluctuating asymmetry. We measured the concentrations of nickel and copper, forewing length, and fluctuating asymmetry in two elements of wing patterns in Boloria euphrosyne , Plebejus idas , and Agriades optilete collected 1–65 km from Monchegorsk. Body metal concentrations increased toward the smelter, confirming the local origin of the collected butterflies. The wings of butterflies from the most polluted sites were 5–8% shorter than those in unpolluted localities, suggesting adverse effects of pollution on butterfly fitness due to larval feeding on contaminated plants. However, fluctuating asymmetry averaged across two hindwing spots did not change systematically with pollution, thereby questioning the use of fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of habitat quality in butterfly conservation projects. Article in Journal/Newspaper kola peninsula Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Kola Peninsula Monchegorsk ENVELOPE(32.874,32.874,67.940,67.940) Symmetry 13 4 626 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
copper-nickel smelter fluctuating asymmetry Kola Peninsula Lepidoptera phenotypic stress responses wing length Mathematics QA1-939 |
spellingShingle |
copper-nickel smelter fluctuating asymmetry Kola Peninsula Lepidoptera phenotypic stress responses wing length Mathematics QA1-939 Vitali Zverev Mikhail V. Kozlov The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
topic_facet |
copper-nickel smelter fluctuating asymmetry Kola Peninsula Lepidoptera phenotypic stress responses wing length Mathematics QA1-939 |
description |
The rapid and selective responses to changes in habitat structure and climate have made butterflies valuable environmental indicators. In this study, we asked whether the decline in butterfly populations near the copper-nickel smelter in Monchegorsk in northwestern Russia is accompanied by phenotypic stress responses to toxic pollutants, expressed as a decrease in body size and an increase in fluctuating asymmetry. We measured the concentrations of nickel and copper, forewing length, and fluctuating asymmetry in two elements of wing patterns in Boloria euphrosyne , Plebejus idas , and Agriades optilete collected 1–65 km from Monchegorsk. Body metal concentrations increased toward the smelter, confirming the local origin of the collected butterflies. The wings of butterflies from the most polluted sites were 5–8% shorter than those in unpolluted localities, suggesting adverse effects of pollution on butterfly fitness due to larval feeding on contaminated plants. However, fluctuating asymmetry averaged across two hindwing spots did not change systematically with pollution, thereby questioning the use of fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of habitat quality in butterfly conservation projects. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vitali Zverev Mikhail V. Kozlov |
author_facet |
Vitali Zverev Mikhail V. Kozlov |
author_sort |
Vitali Zverev |
title |
The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
title_short |
The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
title_full |
The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
title_fullStr |
The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Fluctuating Asymmetry of the Butterfly Wing Pattern Does Not Change along an Industrial Pollution Gradient |
title_sort |
fluctuating asymmetry of the butterfly wing pattern does not change along an industrial pollution gradient |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040626 https://doaj.org/article/14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(32.874,32.874,67.940,67.940) |
geographic |
Kola Peninsula Monchegorsk |
geographic_facet |
Kola Peninsula Monchegorsk |
genre |
kola peninsula |
genre_facet |
kola peninsula |
op_source |
Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 626, p 626 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/4/626 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994 doi:10.3390/sym13040626 2073-8994 https://doaj.org/article/14c1ade1e8e14eefb35b5fc31c27114e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13040626 |
container_title |
Symmetry |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
4 |
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626 |
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1766059362697084928 |