Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic
Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and l...
Published in: | Remote Sensing |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 https://doaj.org/article/12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f 2023-05-15T13:22:54+02:00 Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 https://doaj.org/article/12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2175 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14092175 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2175, p 2175 (2022) arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 2022-12-30T23:33:27Z Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and limited understanding of the environmental processes’ controls since the beginning of the 21st century. We present a new high spatiotemporal record (2000–2019) across the Northwest Canadian Arctic, using MODIS Terra satellite imagery to determine maximum landfast ice extent (MLIE) at the start of each melt season. Average MLIE across the Northwest Canadian Arctic declined by 73% in a direct comparison between the first and last year of the study period, but this was highly variable across regional to community scales, ranging from 14% around North Banks Island to 81% in the Amundsen Gulf. The variability was largely a reflection of 5–8-year cycles between landfast ice rich and poor periods with no discernible trend in MLIE. Interannual variability over the 20-year record of MLIE extent was more constrained across open, relatively uniform, and shallower sloping coastlines such as West Banks Island, in contrast with a more varied pattern across the numerous bays, headlands, and straits enclosed within the deep Amundsen Gulf. Static physiographic controls (namely, topography and bathymetry) were found to influence MLIE change across regional sites, but no association was found with dynamic environmental controls (storm duration, mean air temperature, and freezing and thawing degree day occurrence). For example, despite an exponential increase in storm duration from 2014 to 2019 (from 30 h to 140 h or a 350% increase) across the Mackenzie Delta, MLIE extents remained relatively consistent. Mean air temperatures and freezing and thawing degree day occurrences (over 1, 3, and 12-month periods) also reflected progressive northwards warming influences over the last two decades, but none showed a statistically significant ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Mackenzie Delta ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) Remote Sensing 14 9 2175 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms Science Q |
spellingShingle |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms Science Q Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
topic_facet |
arctic MODIS landfast ice extent scale topographic setting storms Science Q |
description |
Landfast ice is a defining feature among Arctic coasts, providing a critical transport route for communities and exerting control over the exposure of Arctic coasts to marine erosion processes. Despite its significance, there remains a paucity of data on the spatial variability of landfast ice and limited understanding of the environmental processes’ controls since the beginning of the 21st century. We present a new high spatiotemporal record (2000–2019) across the Northwest Canadian Arctic, using MODIS Terra satellite imagery to determine maximum landfast ice extent (MLIE) at the start of each melt season. Average MLIE across the Northwest Canadian Arctic declined by 73% in a direct comparison between the first and last year of the study period, but this was highly variable across regional to community scales, ranging from 14% around North Banks Island to 81% in the Amundsen Gulf. The variability was largely a reflection of 5–8-year cycles between landfast ice rich and poor periods with no discernible trend in MLIE. Interannual variability over the 20-year record of MLIE extent was more constrained across open, relatively uniform, and shallower sloping coastlines such as West Banks Island, in contrast with a more varied pattern across the numerous bays, headlands, and straits enclosed within the deep Amundsen Gulf. Static physiographic controls (namely, topography and bathymetry) were found to influence MLIE change across regional sites, but no association was found with dynamic environmental controls (storm duration, mean air temperature, and freezing and thawing degree day occurrence). For example, despite an exponential increase in storm duration from 2014 to 2019 (from 30 h to 140 h or a 350% increase) across the Mackenzie Delta, MLIE extents remained relatively consistent. Mean air temperatures and freezing and thawing degree day occurrences (over 1, 3, and 12-month periods) also reflected progressive northwards warming influences over the last two decades, but none showed a statistically significant ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim |
author_facet |
Eleanor E. Wratten Sarah W. Cooley Paul J. Mann Dustin Whalen Paul Fraser Michael Lim |
author_sort |
Eleanor E. Wratten |
title |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_short |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_full |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_fullStr |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiographic Controls on Landfast Ice Variability from 20 Years of Maximum Extents across the Northwest Canadian Arctic |
title_sort |
physiographic controls on landfast ice variability from 20 years of maximum extents across the northwest canadian arctic |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 https://doaj.org/article/12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-136.672,-136.672,68.833,68.833) |
geographic |
Arctic Mackenzie Delta |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Mackenzie Delta |
genre |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Gulf Arctic Banks Island Mackenzie Delta |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2175, p 2175 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/9/2175 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14092175 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/12ba9af90b494f2daa49eda7c824bc8f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092175 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
2175 |
_version_ |
1766367733200453632 |