Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs.
BACKGROUND: Among the arthropod-borne nematodes infesting dogs, Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) is of increasing zoonotic concern, with new human cases of infection diagnosed in Turkey, Tunisia, Iran and the USA. Knowledge of the biology of this nematode is meagre. This study aimed at ass...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:12418842e2d0441d819a1600a36ca0b2 2023-05-15T15:16:42+02:00 Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. Domenico Otranto Filipe Dantas-Torres Alessio Giannelli Francesca Abramo Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina Dušan Petrić Luís Cardoso Yasen Mutafchiev Helder Cortes 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 https://doaj.org/article/12418842e2d0441d819a1600a36ca0b2 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3861181?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 https://doaj.org/article/12418842e2d0441d819a1600a36ca0b2 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e2585 (2013) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 2022-12-31T14:53:35Z BACKGROUND: Among the arthropod-borne nematodes infesting dogs, Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) is of increasing zoonotic concern, with new human cases of infection diagnosed in Turkey, Tunisia, Iran and the USA. Knowledge of the biology of this nematode is meagre. This study aimed at assessing the distribution and periodicity of O. lupi microfilariae from different body regions in naturally infested dogs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Skin samples were collected from six dogs infested with O. lupi but without apparent clinical signs. Two skin samples were collected from 18 anatomical regions of dog 1 at necropsy. In addition, single skin biopsies were performed from the forehead, inter-scapular and lumbar regions of dogs 2-6, in the morning, afternoon, and at night. Two aliquots of the sediment of each sample were microscopically observed, microfilariae counted and morphologically and molecularly identified. Most of the 1,667 microfilariae retrieved from dog 1 were in the right ear (59.6%), nose (26.5%), left ear (6.7%), forehead (3.0%), and inter-scapular (2.9%) regions. In dogs 2-6, the overall mean number of microfilariae was larger on the head (n = 122.8), followed by the inter-scapular (n = 119.0) and lumbar (n = 12.8) regions. The overall mean number of microfilariae was larger in the afternoon (153.4), followed by night (75.4) and morning (25.8). CONCLUSIONS: Onchocerca lupi microfilariae were more common in the head (i.e., ears and nose) than in the remaining part of the dog's body, indicating they tend to aggregate in specific body regions, which are the best sites to collect skin samples for diagnostic purposes. The periodicity pattern of microfilariae of O. lupi and their concentration in specific body regions is most likely a result of the co-evolution with their as-yet-unknown vector. The detection of skin microfilariae in asymptomatic animals, suggests the potential role of these animals as carriers and reservoirs of O. lupi. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7 12 e2585 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Domenico Otranto Filipe Dantas-Torres Alessio Giannelli Francesca Abramo Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina Dušan Petrić Luís Cardoso Yasen Mutafchiev Helder Cortes Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Among the arthropod-borne nematodes infesting dogs, Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) is of increasing zoonotic concern, with new human cases of infection diagnosed in Turkey, Tunisia, Iran and the USA. Knowledge of the biology of this nematode is meagre. This study aimed at assessing the distribution and periodicity of O. lupi microfilariae from different body regions in naturally infested dogs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Skin samples were collected from six dogs infested with O. lupi but without apparent clinical signs. Two skin samples were collected from 18 anatomical regions of dog 1 at necropsy. In addition, single skin biopsies were performed from the forehead, inter-scapular and lumbar regions of dogs 2-6, in the morning, afternoon, and at night. Two aliquots of the sediment of each sample were microscopically observed, microfilariae counted and morphologically and molecularly identified. Most of the 1,667 microfilariae retrieved from dog 1 were in the right ear (59.6%), nose (26.5%), left ear (6.7%), forehead (3.0%), and inter-scapular (2.9%) regions. In dogs 2-6, the overall mean number of microfilariae was larger on the head (n = 122.8), followed by the inter-scapular (n = 119.0) and lumbar (n = 12.8) regions. The overall mean number of microfilariae was larger in the afternoon (153.4), followed by night (75.4) and morning (25.8). CONCLUSIONS: Onchocerca lupi microfilariae were more common in the head (i.e., ears and nose) than in the remaining part of the dog's body, indicating they tend to aggregate in specific body regions, which are the best sites to collect skin samples for diagnostic purposes. The periodicity pattern of microfilariae of O. lupi and their concentration in specific body regions is most likely a result of the co-evolution with their as-yet-unknown vector. The detection of skin microfilariae in asymptomatic animals, suggests the potential role of these animals as carriers and reservoirs of O. lupi. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Domenico Otranto Filipe Dantas-Torres Alessio Giannelli Francesca Abramo Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina Dušan Petrić Luís Cardoso Yasen Mutafchiev Helder Cortes |
author_facet |
Domenico Otranto Filipe Dantas-Torres Alessio Giannelli Francesca Abramo Aleksandra Ignjatović Ćupina Dušan Petrić Luís Cardoso Yasen Mutafchiev Helder Cortes |
author_sort |
Domenico Otranto |
title |
Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
title_short |
Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
title_full |
Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
title_fullStr |
Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
title_sort |
cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 https://doaj.org/article/12418842e2d0441d819a1600a36ca0b2 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e2585 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3861181?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 https://doaj.org/article/12418842e2d0441d819a1600a36ca0b2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002585 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e2585 |
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1766346989261291520 |